1. BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint INTERMEDIATE CRIME SCENE SEARCH TCOLE Course # 2106 32 to 40 hours AND UNIT SEVEN

2. Learning Objectives Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1 The student will be able to summarize a process of collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. (Always follow department policy and protocol, and current laws.) Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.1 The student will be able to define DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.2 The student will be able to name two methods of DNA evaluation. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.3 The student will be able to describe important considerations of DNA evaluations

3. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.4 The student will be able to explain the importance of maintaining a “chain of custody” when collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.5 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting known blood samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.6 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting different types of blood samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.7 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting saliva and urine samples

4. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.8 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting different samples of semen stains. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.9 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting hair samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.10 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting tissue, bone, and teeth samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.11 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting DNA evidence from hats, shoes, sock, fingernails, weapons, and doors and windows. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.12 The student will be able to explain important considerations of documenting, collecting, packaging, and preserving DNA evidence.

5. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.13 The student will be able to know where to submit DNA evidence. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.14 The student will be able to demonstrate the process of collecting and preserving DNA evidence.

6. DNA Evidence 7.0 DNA Evidence (Always follow agency policy and protocol, and current laws.) Process of collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. (Always follow agency policy and protocol, and current laws.)

7. 7.1.1 Define DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). A. ____(deoxyribonucleic acid) – the molecule that encodes genetic information. B. DNA is a ________ substance contained in cells, which determines each person’s individual characteristics.

8. C. An individual's DNA is ______ except in cases of identical twins. D. DNA is most commonly recovered from crime scenes in the form of ___, tissue, bones, teeth, _____ or other biological ______.

9. E. __________ fluids - fluids that have human or animal origin; are most commonly encountered in crime scenes containing blood, mucous, perspiration, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, and urine.

10. 7.1.2 Two methods of DNA evaluation. 1.DNA analysis/examination 1.DNA analysis/examination – process of testing to identify DNA patterns or types. In the ________ setting, this testing is used to exclude or include individuals as possible sources of body fluid stains (blood, saliva, semen) and other biological evidence (bones, teeth, hair).

11. 2.DNA profiling 2.DNA profiling – the result of determining the _______ positions of DNA _________ at several locations on the molecule.

12. 7.1.3 Important considerations of DNA evaluations A. DNA is ________ (examined) in body fluids, stains, and other biological tissues recovered from evidence.

13. B. The results of DNA analysis of questioned __________ samples are compared with the results of known samples. 1. DNA analysis of known samples is an ___________ that can associate victims(s) and/or suspect(s) with each other or with a crime scene.

14. C. Examinations can determine the following: 1. ________ or _______ of blood in stains. 2. Whether blood is _______ or ________ 3. ______ species

15. D. Blood examinations cannot determine the age or the race of a person. 1. Conventional serological techniques are not adequately informative to __________ identify a person as the source of a stain.

16. 7.1.4 “chain of custody” collecting & preserving potential DNA evidence A. The key point is to keep a detailed list of individuals who had _______ of the evidence at any point, from collection to final disposition CHAIN Of CUSTODY is of Paramount IMPORTANCE

17. B. It is in the best interest of the investigator and the agency to treat all investigations with the mindset that every action taken during the search may one day be under the ________ of individuals who desires to discredit techniques used, the officer’s testimony, and basic fact finding skills used

18. C. Start maintaining a _____ of _____ of potential evidence early in the incident response process. Bexar County Constable’s Office Precinct # 4 2711 S.S. Loop 410 South, Ste100 San Antonio, TX 78222 CHAIN Of CUSTODY

19. tags D. Create evidence tags for each piece of evidence that is identified and collected: 1. _____ and _____ of the action. 2. ______ assigned to the case. 3. ______ of particular evidence tag. 4. Whether or not _____ is required and the signature of the person who owns the evidence.

20. D.5. The _____ of the evidence before it was seized, or who provided the information. D.6. A complete ___________ of the evidence, including the quantity, if necessary. D.7. Name of individual, and crime laboratory or storage facility, who ________ the evidence from the investigator and the signature of the recipient.

21. D.8. _____ of transfer. D.9. ______ the evidence was given to another person. E. Each time the evidence exchanges possession from one person to another, or moves from one location to another, the investigator must ______ this transaction

22. F. It is critical to ______ all pertinent information possible and maintain the chain of custody. only G. A well documented ________ tag only takes a few minutes to create. follow agency policy, procedure, protocol, and current Texas laws H. ______ follow agency policy, procedure, protocol, and current Texas laws.

23. 7.1.5 Methods of collecting known blood samples. A. Only qualified _________ personnel should collect (“draw”) blood samples from an individual A. Only qualified _________ personnel should collect (“draw”) blood samples from an individual.

24. B. At least ___ 5-mL tubes of blood in purple–top tubes with EDTA as an anticoagulant for DNA analysis; and drug or alcohol-testing samples in gray-top tubes with NaF (sodium fluoride) should be collected. C. Each tube should be identified with the ____, ____, _______’s name, location, collector’s name, case number, and evidence number.

25. D. ___________, do not freeze blood samples. Use cold packs, not dry ice during shipping. E. Pack liquid blood tubes individually in _________™ or ___________ tube containers with absorbent material surrounding the tubes.

26. F. Label the outer container: KEEP IN A COOL DRY PLACE, REFRIGERATE UPON ARRIVAL, and BIOHAZARD. G. Submit blood samples to a crime laboratory as soon as possible.

27. 7.1.6 Methods of collecting different types of blood samples.

28. A. Liquid blood on a person A. Liquid blood on a person. 1. Absorb suspected liquid _____ onto a clean cotton cloth or ____. 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab _________ as a control. 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean _____ or an ________ with sealed corners. 4. Do not use _______ containers.

29. B. Dried blood on a person B. Dried blood on a person. 1. Absorb suspected dried blood onto a clean cotton cloth, or swab, moistened with _________ water. 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a _______. 3. ___-___ the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. 4. Do ____ store in plastic containers.

30. C. Blood on surfaces or in snow or water. 1. Absorb suspected ______ blood or blood _____ into clean cotton cloth or swab. 2. Leave a portion of the cloth of swab unstained as a control. 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners.

31. C. Blood on surfaces or in snow or water. 4. Do not store in plastic containers. 5. Collect suspected blood in ____ or _____ immediately to avoid further dilution. 6. Eliminate as much ___ as possible. 7. Place in a clean _______ container. Freeze the evidence and submit to the library as soon as possible.

32. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 1. Air-dry wet bloodstained garments. 2. Wrap dried bloodstained _______ in clean paper. 3. Do not place wet or dried garments in _______ or ________ containers. 4. Place all ______ or _______ from the garments in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners.

33. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 5. Air-dry small suspected ____ bloodstained objects and submit the objects to a crime laboratory. a. Preserve bloodstain ________. b. Avoid creating additional _____ patterns during drying and packaging.

34. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. removal 5. c. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packing materials during shipping. d. Pack in clean _____. e. Do not store in _______ containers.

35. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 6. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected _____ _______ from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. a. Collect an _________ control sample. b. Pack to prevent stain _______ by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping

36. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 6. c. Pack in clean _____. d. Do _____ store in plastic containers. dried blood stains on immovable objects 7. Absorb suspected dried blood stains on immovable objects onto a clean cotton _____ or, _____ moistened with distilled water. a. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a _____

37. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 7. b. ___-___ the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. c. Do ___ store in plastic containers.

38. E. Blood examination request letter E. Blood examination request letter. 1. A blood __________ request letter should contain the following: a. A brief _________ of factions relating to the case. b. ______ made by the suspects(s) regarding the source of the blood.

39. E. Blood examination request letter E. Blood examination request letter. 1. c. Whether ______ blood is present. d. Whether _______ were laundered or diluted with other body fluids. e. Information regarding the victim(s)’ and suspect(s)’ health, such as _____, hepatitis, or tuberculosis.

40. 7.1.7 Methods of collecting saliva and urine samples A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva. 1. Use clean ______ swabs to collect saliva samples. 2. Rub the inside ________ of the cheeks and gums thoroughly

41. A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva. 3. Air dry the swabs and place in _____ _____ or an ________ with sealed corners. 4. Do not use _______ containers.

42. B. Saliva on cigarette butts B. Saliva on cigarette butts. 1. Pick up ________ butts with gloved hands or clean forceps. Do not submit ashes. 2. Air dry and place the _________ butts from the same location (ashtray) in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. 3. Do not submit the _______ unless latent print examination is requested.

43. B. Saliva on cigarette butts B. Saliva on cigarette butts. 4. Package the _______ separately. 5. Do ____use plastic containers. C. Saliva on chewing gum C. Saliva on chewing gum. 1. Pick up chewing gum with ______ hands or clean forceps. 2. Air dry and place in clean _____ or an ________ with sealed corners. 3. Do not use _______ containers.

44. D. Saliva on envelopes and stamps D. Saliva on envelopes and stamps. envelopesstamps 1. Pick up envelopes and stamps with gloved hands or clean forceps and place in a clean envelope. not 2. Do not use plastic containers. crimelaborator 3. Submit to a crime laboratory as soon as possible.

45. E. Saliva and Urine. 1. Liquid saliva or urine. a. Absorb suspected liquid saliva or urine onto clean cotton cloth or swab. b. Leave a portion of the cloth unstained as a control.

46. E. Saliva and Urine. 1. c. Air-dry the _____ or _____and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. d. Do ___ use plastic containers. 2. Dry saliva- or urine-stained objects. a. Submit suspected small, dry ______ or _____-stained objects to a crime laboratory

47. E. Saliva and Urine. 2. b. Pack to prevent _____ removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. c. Pack in clean _____ or an ________ with sealed corners. d. Do ___ use plastic containers

48. E. Saliva and Urine. 3. Saliva or urine stains from immovable objects. a. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected ______ or ______ stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. b. Collect an unstained _______ sample.

49. E. Saliva and Urine. 3. c. Pack to prevent _____ removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. d. Pack in clean _____. e. Do ____ use plastic containers.

50. 7.1.8 Collecting samples of semen stains. Identify the methods of collecting different samples of semen stains.

51. A. Liquid semen A. Liquid semen. 1. Absorb suspected liquid _____ onto a clean cotton cloth or swab. 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a _______. 3. __-__ the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. 4. Do ___ use plastic containers.

52. B. Dry semen-stained objects B. Dry semen-stained objects. 1. Submit small suspected dry _____- stained objects to a crime laboratory. 2. Pack to prevent _____ removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. 3. Pack in clean _____. 4. Do ___ use plastic containers.

53. C. Semen stains from immovable object. 1. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected _____ stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. 2. Collect an ________ control sample

54. C. Semen stains from immovable object. 3. Pack to prevent _____ removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. 4. Pack in clean _____. not 5. Do not use plastic containers.

55. D. Dried semen stains on immovable object. 1. Absorb suspected dried semen stains on immovable objects onto a clean cotton ____ or _____ moistened with distilled water. 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab or cloth and place in clean paper or ________ with sealed corners. 3. Do not use plastic containers.

56. E. Seminal evidence from sexual assault victim(s). 1. ______ _______ victim(s) should be medically examined in a hospital or a physician’s office using a standard sexual assault evidence kit to collect vaginal, oral, and anal evidence. 2. ________ samples and submit the evidence to a crime laboratory as soon as possible.

57. 7.1.9 Methods of collecting Hair samples. A. Known hair samples A. Known hair samples. 1. Thorough random samples should be taken from the ____ and _____ regions of a suspect (s) and victim (s

58. A. Known hair samples A. Known hair samples. 2. Twenty-_____ full-length hairs, pulled and combed from different areas of the head and pubic regions, are generally considered an adequate representation of an individual’s hair characteristics..

59. B. Hairs in the hand of the victims B. Hairs in the hand of the victims. 1. Hairs found in the _____ of the victim usually belong to the victim. 2. Rarely are the hairs similar to the suspect’s known hairs; nevertheless, these must be _________ and submitted for analysis.

60. C. Pubic and head combings C. Pubic and head combings. 1. _____ and head hair combings should always be taken in violent crimes. 2. Foreign hairs as well as ______ can be recovered from these samples. 3. If a ___ is recovered at the crime scene and a suspect is identified soon, it may be possible to find fibers similar to those in the hat, in the suspect’s hair.

61. D. Pick up hair carefully with clean _______ to prevent damaging the root tissue. E. Air dry hair mixed with suspected body fluids.

62. F. Package each group of hair separately in clean _____ or an ________ with sealed corners. not G. Do not use plastic containers. H. ___________ and submit as soon as possible to a crime laboratory.

63. 7.1.10 Methods of collecting tissue, bone, and teeth A. Tissue, bone, and teeth samples A. Tissue, bone, and teeth samples. 1. Pick up suspected _____, _____, and _____ with gloved hands or clean forceps. 2. Collect 1-2 cubic inches of red ________ muscle.

64. 3. Collect 3-5 inches of long bone such as the fibula or femur. a. Collect _____ in the following order: b. Non-________ molar. c. Non- ________ premolar. d. Non-restored. ________ e. Non-restored ________ tooth. f. Restored ________.

65. 3. g. Restored ________ h. Restored ________ i. Restored _____ tooth. 4. Place ______ samples in a clean, airtight plastic container without formalin or formaldehyde

66. 5. Place teeth and ____ samples in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. 6. ______ the evidence, place in Styrofoam™ containers, and ship overnight on dry ice.

67. 7.1.11 Collecting DNA Evidence From hats, shoes, sock, fingernails, weapons, and doors and windows.

68. A. Hats A. Hats. hats 1. Package all hats in separate paper bags. baseball 2. Use care when collecting baseball-style caps with adjustable plastic headbands. fingerprints 3. The bands are an excellent source for fingerprints.

69. B. Shoes B. Shoes. 1. An excellent source of ______evidence, blood stains, and shoe print comparisons. 2. Shoes worn by a suspect can deposit ______ from a vehicle he or she exited at a crime scene and can also pick up fibers from the scene and then deposit them in another location.

70. C. Socks C. Socks. 1. _____ worn by a homicide victim can provide invaluable fiber and hair evidence. 2. Many times the victim is transported by vehicle. Contact with the interior ________ of a vehicle can cause hairs and fibers to collect on the socks.

71. C. Socks C. Socks. 3. It may be necessary to obtain ___________ samples of carpeting of the victim’s car or residence to avoid the possibility of coincidental match.

72. D. Fingernails D. Fingernails. 1. Use care when ________ or ________ the fingernails of a victim or suspect. 2. DNA on the hands or tools of the _______personnel can contaminate the material and influence the DNA results.

73. E. Weapons E. Weapons. 1. Weapons recovered at a crime scene should always be searched for _____ evidence before processing for fingerprints.

74. F. Doors and Windows F. Doors and Windows. 1. _____ and _______ should be searched for trace evidence if they are possible points of entry or exit.

75. 7.1.12 Documenting, collecting, packaging, & preserving DNA Evidence 7.1.12 Documenting, collecting, packaging, & preserving DNA Evidence. A. A. If DNA evidence is not properly _________, ________, packaged, and preserved, it will not meet the legal and scientific requirements for admissibility in a court of law.

76. B. If DNA ________ is not properly documented, origin can be questioned. C. C. If DNA evidence is not properly collected, _______ activity can be lost. D. D. If DNA evidence is not properly preserved, ____________ and ____________ can occur.

77. E. E. When DNA evidence is transferred by direct or secondary (indirect) means; it remains on surfaces by __________ or __________. 1. In general, liquid __________ evidence is absorbed into surfaces, and solid biological evidence adheres to surfaces.

78. E. E.2. Collecting, packaging, and preserving DNA evidence depends on the ______ or _____ state, as well as the condition of the evidence. F. F. If evidence retains its original _______ once it reaches a laboratory, there is greater possibility of obtaining useful examinations results

79. G. G. It may be necessary to use a variety of __________ to collect suspected body fluid evidence. H. ALWAYS H. ALWAYS Follow Agency ______, procedures and protocol for documenting, collecting, packaging, and preserving all types of evidence.

80. 7.1.13 Where to submit DNA Evidence A. A. Submit DNA evidence to a local law enforcement _____ _______, a private medical facility, or the FBI Crime Laboratory. B.policy B. Always refer to agency policy, procedures and protocols before submitting evidence

81. C.If submitting evidence to the FBI, call (202) 324-4410, prior to submitting the evidence. Also, refer to: FBI, Handbook of Forensic Services, (Revised 1999), pp. 5-10. Websites: www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/handbook/scene 1.htm Websites: www.fbi.gov/programs/lab/handboo k/intro.htm or www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/handbook/scene 1.htm.

82. 7.1.14 Practical Exercise Participant will demonstrate a working knowledge of the process of collecting and preserving DNA evidence; during Crime Scene Processing Practical Exercise.

83. Print out and use this SAMPLE Form to complete your “Practical Exercise” Practice makes us better & more Professional

85. OUTSIDE CLASS VIEWING REQUIREMENT What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence Beginning and Advanced Levels Participants will view tonight two CD ROMs developed by the National Institute of Justice, What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence Beginning and Advanced Levels.

86. Questions?

87. SOURCES DOJ Research Report, Death Investigation: A Guide for the Scene Investigator, November 1999. DOJ Research Report, Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement, October 1999.

88. THANK YOU STAY SAFE STAY SAFE& STAY VILIGANT This PowerPoint and all associated lesson materials herein are the property of BCCO PCT#4