1. Reflection-in-action CS 352 Summer 2010

2. Why reflection-in-action? PRICPE is great! …but how do I carry out each step of it, e.g., Prototyping? Reflection-in-action may help!

3. What is reflection-in-action? Any guesses? Reflection-in-action: – Describes how expert designers solve problem – It’s a process that helps reshape what we’re working on while we’re working on it – It hinges on surprises

4. Steps in reflection-in-action Framing … to understand and define the problem Acting … to solve the problem or to move closer to solving it Reflecting … to assess the consequences of actions and to inform future moves RIA is an iterative process

5. Schön’s Theory of Reflection-In-Action (RIA) 5 Framing understand & define problem Acting solve problem / learn more Reflecting assess consequences & implications

6. How reflection-in-action works in action? A study on end-user mashup programmers. Task to create a movie mashup in Popfly.

7. Framing Clip 1 Clip 2

8. Framing (cont’d) F4 (min 2): So I'm going to look at the tutorial thing. [Laughs. Reads reference guide] So I'm going to need a map for Corvallis. M4: … So what I think I'm supposed to do is that I'm supposed to take my, um… first I'm gonna take movies… well that would be something they [the user] type in. I need to find Corvallis. Specify somewhere in there that is for Corvallis. I need to type somewhere in there where we're talking about theaters. And maybe connect that to theaters. Something would have to tell it like a list, to list more things. May be the one we went through on the options menu. It's like text. Maybe one of those would have more information on the movie. I don' t think I would necessarily need a map, if I had just Corvallis.

9. Framing (cont’d) F4 (min 2): So I'm going to look at the tutorial thing. [Laughs. Reads reference guide] So I'm going to need a map for Corvallis. M4: … So what I think I'm supposed to do is that I'm supposed to take my, um… first I'm gonna take movies… well that would be something they [the user] type in. I need to find Corvallis. Specify somewhere in there that is for Corvallis. I need to type somewhere in there where we're talking about theaters. And maybe connect that to theaters. Something would have to tell it like a list, to list more things. May be the one we went through on the options menu. It's like text. Maybe one of those would have more information on the movie. I don' t think I would necessarily need a map, if I had just Corvallis.

10. Acting Clip 1 Clip 2

11. Acting (cont’d) F4 (min 3): I'm gonna… [Laughs. Opens Maps, hovers over geoNames ] Virtual Earth [Adds it to workspace] Settings [in Virtual Earth] I don’t think I'm doing this right. [laughs]… [Fiddling with blocks’ settings] Ok I'm doing this wrong… [Keeps on fiddling but and did not execute the program in 20 minutes] M3: I'm just trying to figure out how to get the program to run to show movies around CITY but I can't figure it out... I'll just keep clicking around ’till I get it… Try a different operation to see if it works… So far I've found out the theaters within CITY…

12. Acting (cont’d) F4 (min 3): I'm gonna… [Laughs. Opens Maps, hovers over geoNames ] Virtual Earth [Adds it to workspace] Settings [in Virtual Earth] I don’t think I'm doing this right. [laughs]… [Fiddling with blocks’ settings] Ok I'm doing this wrong… [Keeps on fiddling but and did not execute the program in 20 minutes] M3: I'm just trying to figure out how to get the program to run to show movies around CITY but I can't figure it out... I'll just keep clicking around ’till I get it… Try a different operation to see if it works… So far I've found out the theaters within CITY…

13. Reflecting Clip 1 Clip 2 Clip 3 Clip 4

14. Reflecting F4(min 31): Let's run it. [Runs and zooms in on Corvallis] Why doesn't it show. I don't know what I'm doing wrong. Zoom in. This thing [inaudible] … Show me Corvallis. [Zoom in on Corvallis] Didn't work. Edit. Click to get mashing ideas [ of Virtual Earth. Clicks it ] M1 (min 11): Run that see what happens [Runs and sees nothing] Theater addresses may not be right. M3 (min 10): [Runs and nothing happens] I guess those two blocks didn't work or I didn't use the right options. M5 (min 24): Simplicity [Runs. Shows theaters and movie info] Oh Ok there we go. I was getting way too complicated.

15. Reflecting F4(min 31): Let's run it. [Runs and zooms in on Corvallis] Why doesn't it show. I don't know what I'm doing wrong. Zoom in. This thing [inaudible] … Show me Corvallis. [Zoom in on Corvallis] Didn't work. Edit. Click to get mashing ideas [ of Virtual Earth. Clicks it ] M1 (min 11): Run that see what happens [Runs and sees nothing] Theater addresses may not be right. M3 (min 10): [Runs and nothing happens] I guess those two blocks didn't work or I didn't use the right options. M5 (min 24): Simplicity [Runs. Shows theaters and movie info] Oh Ok there we go. I was getting way too complicated.

16. Reflecting (cont.) Surprise  reflection Reflect upon… …why didn’t it work? …how can I make it better? What happens after reflecting? … more acting? … back to framing?

17. Exercise An on-line “virtual” grocery. You order from home, and this translates into food. Pick a step in Predisposition Research Insights Concepts Prototypes Evaluation and apply reflection-in-action to that step Imagine yourself thinking about what you’re doing while doing it… Write down what you do for each of the following stages: – Framing: what is the problem – Acting: what to do to solve the problem or move closer to solving it – Reflecting: what went right/wrong and why

18. Applying reflection-in-action… Framing: to understand and define the problem – What are some important features /components of the problem? Acting: to solve the problem or to move closer to solving it – What would you do about the problem? Reflecting: to assess the consequences of actions and to inform future moves – Will your actions produce the results you want? If not what would you do?