1. Odd one out – Look at the following images. Take a line – which is the odd one out and why?

2. Lesson 2 – Crude Oil and Distillation

3. Fractional Distillation (C1.4) Objectives To state what crude oil is (E) To describe why crude oil must be refined (C) To describe the process of Fractional Distillation (C)

4. Connect Crude Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds. THINK-PAIR-SHARE How might we separate this mixture?

5. Video

6. Connect the Learning Solve the Jigsaw Stick to A3 SheetDraw as many facts as possible and write around. Draw up as many ideas as possible.

7. What’s the topic? Just Listen Now Listen and make notes

8. Learning Outcomes WHAT ? WHY ? HOW ?

9. Progress Check I can predict the properties of named fractions of crude oil, by using information about their carbon length. I can explain the properties of crude oil, including boiling point, viscosity, flammability, colour and volatility. I describe the process of fractional distillation. I can identify that fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil mixture into fractions.

10. Fractional Distillation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc Now watch the teacher demo of distillation and add to your jigsaw sheet from the Connect.

11. Heated Crude Oil 350 o C 40 o C Liquid petroleum gas Naphtha Petrol (gasoline) Paraffin Diesel Fuel oil Lubricating oil Bitumen FractionBoiling pt. < 25 o C 25 – 60 o C 60 – 180 o C 180 – 220 o C 220 – 250 o C 250 – 300 o C 300 – 350 o C > 350 o C Average number of C atoms in chain 3 8 10 12 20 40 80 120 The Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

12. Demonstrate your Learning Create a flow chart to describe the process of fractional distillation. You may ask for a help sheet, however you need to present your case first. Step 1 Step 2Step 3

13. Properties of the Fractions Q1. Flammability – What’s the Trend? Q2. Volatility – What’s the Trend? Q2. Viscosity, What’s the Trend? Q3. Colour, What’s the Trend?

14. Search for Meaning Complete the summary sheet on crude oil. ENSURE you clearly explain using key words the properties of the fractions. You have TEN MINUTES.

15. Complete the Review and Reflect Exit Ticket Review & Reflect

16. INFO SHEETS

17. Boiling point of fractions Each fraction of crude oil contains a mixture of different compounds. This means that the boiling point of the fraction is not a fixed temperature but a range. < 0 20-200 20-180 180-260 260-340 370-600 >330 N/A LPG gasoline naphtha kerosene lubricating oil diesel fuel oil residue FractionBoiling point (°C)

18. Volatility and flammability Fractions that have a low boiling point evaporate easily. The easier a fraction evaporates, the more volatile it is. When fractions burn, they react with oxygen in the air. Generally, the smaller the molecules in a fraction, the more volatile and flammable the fraction. Fractions that ignite and burn easily are flammable. The more volatile a fraction is, the easier it mixes with air. This means the fraction ignites and burns easily.

19. What is viscosity? Some fractions of crude oil are thin and runny. Other fractions are thick and sticky. The runniness of a liquid is called viscosity. For example, the residue from fractional distillation has a very high viscosity (it is viscous) and cannot be easily poured. Gasoline has a low viscosity and pours easily. What is the relationship between the length of a hydrocarbon chain and the viscosity of a fraction? The longer the hydrocarbon chains in a fraction, the more viscous the fraction will be.

20. Molecule size and viscosity Why are fractions with large hydrocarbon molecules more viscous than fractions with small hydrocarbon molecules? The longer chains of large hydrocarbon molecules are easily entangled. Smaller molecules have shorter chains and are less likely to become entangled.

21. Colour of fractions The colour of a fraction depends on the size of the molecules it contains. As the molecules get smaller, the colour of the fraction becomes lighter, from dark brown to light brown, orange/yellow and transparent. decrease in size of molecules