1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 8 Emotion and Motivation

2. Explain the relationship between emotion and motivation Identify the 4 parts of the emotional process Distinguish the theories of emotion I CAN: Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

3. Emotion: Emphasizes arousal, both physical and mental Motivation: Emphasizes how this arousal becomes action Emotion causes motivationEmotion causes motivation

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Emotions A vital ingredient in making effective personal decisions But can spin out of control

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Emotions

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What Is Emotion? A four-part process consisting of … 1. physiological arousal of the body 2. cognitive interpretation of events and feelings…conscious and unconscious 3. subjective feelings brain senses state of arousal.. also memories of similar situations 4. behavioral expression emotions produce behavior….anger produces a middle finger

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What Do Our Emotions Do For Us? Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Universal Emotional Expression Humans share a set of universal emotional expression This testifies to a common biological heritage But all emotional expressions are not universal across cultures… culture influences emotional expression anger sadness joy

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Real Smile Can you identify the social smile versus the genuine, “Duchenne” smile? Real smiles involve muscles around both the eyes and cheeks. Can you identify the social smile versus the genuine, “Duchenne” smile? Real smiles involve muscles around both the eyes and cheeks.

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 A "real" smile raises the lips and causes "crow's feet" around the eyes A "real" smile raises the lips and causes "crow's feet" around the eyes

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Cultural Universals in Emotional Expression Display Rules Permissible ways of displaying emotions in a particular society For Example: Asian children taught to check emotions American children taught to express them

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 EKMAN’S SEVEN BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS People everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 PLUTCHIK’S EIGHT BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS Joy Joy Acceptance Acceptance Fear Fear Surprise Surprise SadnessSadness Disgust Disgust Anger Anger Anticipation Anticipation

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Nature of Emotions by Plutchik His three-dimensional model describes the relations among emotion concepts. The cone’s vertical dimension represents loss of intensity The circle represents degrees of similarity among the emotions. The 8 sectors are designed to indicate that there are 8 primary emotion dimensions defined by the theory arranged as 4 pairs of opposites.

15. Explain the relationship between emotion and motivation Identify the 4 parts of the emotional process Distinguish the theories of emotion CAN I? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007