1. Software Basics

2. Some Pioneers Charles Babbage Analytical Engine Countess Ada Lovelace First Programmer ? John Von Neumann storing instructions in memory Alan Turing the Turing machine Grace Hopper Found first bug ? Bill Gates, Steve Jobs

3. Software Levels Machine Language ( binary system ) Assembly Language Higher Level Languages – Fortran, Basic, Cobol, Pascal, C Compilers and Interpreters Source Code, Object Code Operating Systems Application Programs

4. Programming Algorithm A sequence of steps to solve a problem Flow Chart Visual representation of an algorithm Pseudo Code Algorithm written in human-readable language as an aid to writing a program in a computer language Modular Approach Breaking down a task into pieces, and writing separate modules of programs for each piece, called upon when needed. Object-Oriented Programming A modern version of the modular approach with ‘ objects ’ that inherit properties, and make the programs easier to modify.

5. Flow Chart Example See Handout

6. Operating System Functions Control Input/Output Management File Management Memory Management CPU management (Time sharing)

7. Application Programs These programs communicate with the computer through the operating system in order to perform their functions. Name all the business application programs you can think of.