2. Europeans Establish Colonies How and why did Europeans establish colonies in the Americas?

3. Title Class Discussion: What was North America like before the “discovery” of America by Columbus in 1492?

4. Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups In the East, Indians like the Iroquois, Powhatans, & Cherokee were settled into farming villages Cherokee farming villageIroquois farmers

5. Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups The “jump-kill” technique drove buffalo off cliffs In the central plains, Indians like the Sioux & Cheyenne hunted buffalo using mass- hunting techniques

6. Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan In central America, the Aztecs formed a powerful empire & dominated surrounding Indians

7. During the Renaissance period in Europe came the Age of Exploration European explorers found new trade routes & formed overseas colonies Christopher Columbus’ “discovery” of America in 1492 transformed the future of American Indians & Europeans

8. What is driving these nations to expand their empires into the Americas? What do they want?

9. An economic policy meaning a nation or empire could build wealth and power by developing its industries and exporting manufactured goods in exchange for gold and silver MONEY IS POWER!!!!

10. Three great explorers are setting out across the Atlantic. Read their mission statements and decide with whom you will get in the boat. Remember… the idea is to sail with the man that will get you the most bullion!

11. Pip Pip! Are you tired of the shortage of land? Have you been in debt and King James is threatening you with prison? Join me in my search for a land where every man shall haveth a golden chamber pot and every child shall have a cape of rubies. Your pantaloons shall overflowith with gold. God himself hath chosen this place for man’s habitation. Cheerio! John Smith

12. Úname! Are you feeling old, tired, weary… maybe even down trodden. Join me as we search for the fountain of youth. With your rejuvenated spirit, you will have plenty of energy to convert the barbarians beyond the seas. With a healthy lifestyle, we shall also have a healthy pocket book. You will be able to give your children and your children’s children golden fleece diapers. Adios! Ponce de Leon

13. Bon jour mon petit chou! Do you desire glory and your name in bright lights? Join me in my search for the northwest passage. That ship which uncovers the secret shall control the spices of the east. Viva la France! Samuel de Champlain

14. Pick a Captain! John Smith Great Britain Ponce de Leon Spain Samuel de Champlain France

15. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

16. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

17. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

18.  Which resources would most likely be most profitable in the long run?  Why?

19. The Spanish Empire in the Americas: 16 th – 17 th century  1492…  Conquistadores conquered a lot of territory, not effective at running the colonies  Forced slave labor, Christianity and Spanish ways, killed any in their way  Racial hierarchy, intermarrying with natives, disease plagues natives  Pueblo Indians revolt (1680)and retaliate against Spanish rule and weaken the empire… language and religion remain! Popé, united Pueblos and their historic enemy the Apaches to fight back!

20. French Settlement in Americas  Spain’s wealth and power from the Americas caused other nations to seek their own colonies  Originally looking for a water route to Asia  Northwest Passage  Settle along the St. Lawrence River ( Quebec 1608 ): good for fishing, hunting for furry animals ($$$ expensive back in Europe!) easy to defend from a hill, accessible to merchant ships  Had relationships with natives to help them hunt >>> trade Northwest Passage: still fought over today!!

21. French Settlement in Americas  Less settlers due to harsher conditions  French and Indians mutually benefitted from each other  French settlers in Quebec helped local natives fight their enemy Iroquois  Iroquois retaliate, with help from the Dutch  Headed south on Mississippi River  Claimed Louisiana territory, worked with Indians to confine the British between the coast and river

22.  Why did the French originally explore what is now Canada?  Why did they settle in Quebec?  What resources were important to the colonizers?  How did French colonization differ from other colonization?

23. PICK A COLONY! It is1607 – 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. You are part of a group of investors started by King James I to support and expand the British empire. You are with 105 other passengers on the The Susan Constant, and left 12 weeks ago to head to the New World. You have experienced sickness, hunger, exhaustion, and witnessed the burial of too many at sea. But you have hope…desire…for a new life, in a new place, a place where you will be POWERFUL. Alas! You are now anchored at a very unfamiliar location and a landing party has come back with a map with possible settlement locations. You set off with your group in hopes that your spot is the chosen settlement. Explore the positives (and negatives) of your location and come up with a persuasive pitch to give the other settlers to convince them why your spot, this previously unknown spot is the new location of the 1 st successful British colony…and your home.

25. Learning Question:  How and why do the colonists’ relations with the Powhatan change over time?

26. Mercantilism : economic policy in which a nation tries to get as much gold and silver as possible Mother Country Colony

27. Mercantilism… 1. Colony : area settled by immigrants ruled by a mother country… supply raw materials Foreign Country Colony

28. Mercantilism… 1.Colony… 2.Favorable Balance of Trade : having a larger inflow of gold and silver than outflow Foreign Country Mother Country

29. Mercantilism… 1.Colony… 2.Favorable balance of trade… 3.Joint Stock Company group of investors who fund the trip and split profits He does all the work, we get all the profits!

30. Jamestown : 1st successful English colony 1607 (others had failed) 1.Motives: want to find gold and silver a.Virginia Company: JSC that est. Jamestown b.Better location, navigable rivers, c.Powerful and organized natives in the area… d.Wanted to turn “wilderness” into profitable farmland

31. Jamestown Overcomes Hardships: read your assigned paragraph and take a few notes to share with class. Conflict with Native Americans pg. 44 War with natives, English capture Pocha, people died, converting natives, peace eventually Tobacco Crop Saves the Colony pg. 44-45 Tobacco = $$$, hot climate, other crops failed, John Rolfe pushes for tobacco farming Free Land Attracts Colonists to VA pg. 46 VA Company offers free land to any settler that can get there, 50 acres, lots of people flood to VA The House of Burgesses pg. 46-47 Body of Reps, make laws, do taxes, 1 st example of self-govt Royal crown doesn’t like that, they take over

32. 2. Struggles with Settlement a.Settle near swamp  disease (malaria, dysentery, typhoid) b.Live down stream from Native American tribe)  contaminated water c.“ starving time ” = period of famine i.planted wheat and searched for gold… no gold in Virginia, and wheat doesn’t grow! ii.Only 20% of people survived after 15 years! One man was so hungry he killed, salted, and ate his wife!!!

33. #wcw #pocahontas #jamestownlovers vs History Hollywood

34. Pocahontas was a Virginia Indian notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan, the chief of tribal nations in the region of Virginia. In a well-known historical anecdote, she is said to have saved the life of an Indian captive, Englishman John Smith, in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him. The general consensus of historians is that this story, as told by Smith, is untrue. Pocahontas was captured by the English during colonial hostilities in 1613, and held for ransom. During her captivity, she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people, she chose to remain with the English. In April 1614, she married tobacco planter John Rolfe, and in January 1615 had his son. In 1616, the Rolfes traveled to London. Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the "civilized savage" in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement. She became somewhat of a celebrity. In 1617, the Rolfes set sail for Virginia, but Pocahontas died of unknown causes around the age of possibly 22. She was buried in a church in the United Kingdom, but the exact location of her grave is unknown.

35. 3. Economic Development a.John Smith : captain whose leadership saved colony i.“He who does not work will not eat” b.John Rolfe : father of tobacco i.Labor shortage  slave trade ii.Labor shortage  Indentured servants … work 3-7 years for travel, housing, food, etc Get a job

36. 4. Political Development a.Demand for land  war with Indians  increased need for local government b.House of Burgesses : 1st legislative body of the American colonies. Vote on elected representatives, made laws

37. Jamestown Skeletons!!!  http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/29/us/jamestown- virginia-skeletons/index.html http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/29/us/jamestown- virginia-skeletons/index.html

38. Interactive Websites  Decision Maker  http://www.historyglobe.com/jamestown/ http://www.historyglobe.com/jamestown/  Expansion of Jamestown http://www.virtualjamestown.org/jamestown_develop ment/settlement_v2.html http://www.virtualjamestown.org/jamestown_develop ment/settlement_v2.html

39. Pictures from my trip to Jamestowne with my family