1. Sports Science 5.1 Introduction to Sports Science

2. Learning objectives Know the role of scientists involved in sport Know the role of scientists involved in sport Understand how antagonistic muscles work Understand how antagonistic muscles work

3. St. Luke’s Science and Sports College Sports scientist – aim to improve athletic performance Sports scientist – aim to improve athletic performance Sports physiologist Sports physiologist health and fitness, particularly the parts of body directly involved health and fitness, particularly the parts of body directly involved Nutritionist Nutritionist Control energy and nutrient intake Control energy and nutrient intake Material Scientist Material Scientist Properties of materials used and the effects sports have on materials Properties of materials used and the effects sports have on materials

4. Fit to Suceed Success in sport depends upon: Success in sport depends upon: Fitness and performance of body Fitness and performance of body Energy and nutrient intake Energy and nutrient intake Effectiveness of kit Effectiveness of kit Athletic skill level Athletic skill level Concentration under pressure Concentration under pressure

5. Surf’s Up! Surf Science at Plymouth Uni Surf Science at Plymouth Uni Material science Material science aerodynamics aerodynamics wave mechanics wave mechanics business skills business skills Surf technique Surf technique Field trip to Hawaii! Field trip to Hawaii!

6. What is muscle? Tissue consisting of bundles or sheets of cells Tissue consisting of bundles or sheets of cells Able to contract and cause tension Able to contract and cause tension 3 types of muscle: 3 types of muscle: Voluntary muscle Voluntary muscle Involuntary muscle (hollow organs) Involuntary muscle (hollow organs) Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle All work in different ways All work in different ways

7. Voluntary (skeletal) muscle Attached to our bones with tendons Attached to our bones with tendons Under conscious control Under conscious control Continuous function Continuous function Structural function Structural function Some facial muscles joined to your skin Some facial muscles joined to your skin Muscles generate heat as a by-product Muscles generate heat as a by-product

8. Involuntary (smooth) muscle Found in walls of hollow organs Found in walls of hollow organs Work automatically Work automatically Stomach Stomach Intestines Intestines Uterus Uterus Pupillary sphincter muscle Pupillary sphincter muscle Perform housekeeping functions Perform housekeeping functions

9. Cardiac muscle Only found in the heart Only found in the heart Never gets tired Never gets tired Not under our control Not under our control Contracts – pumps blood Contracts – pumps blood Relax – fills heart again Relax – fills heart again 70-90 times a minute 70-90 times a minute 3,280,896,000 in a life time 3,280,896,000 in a life time

10. Muscles work in pairs Attached to bones by tendons Attached to bones by tendons Muscles can only exert a pulling force Muscles can only exert a pulling force Muscles are found in antagonistic pairs Muscles are found in antagonistic pairs Extensor muscle - opens the joint Extensor muscle - opens the joint Flexor muscle Flexor muscle Biceps and triceps: Biceps and triceps: Biceps are contracting = triceps relaxing Biceps are contracting = triceps relaxing Triceps contracting = bicep relaxing Triceps contracting = bicep relaxing

11. Key Points Sports physiologist – studies parts of body used during exercise Sports physiologist – studies parts of body used during exercise Nutritionist – energy and nutrient intake Nutritionist – energy and nutrient intake Materials scientist – properties of materials used in kit Materials scientist – properties of materials used in kit Success = fitness, kit, skill, energy and concentration Success = fitness, kit, skill, energy and concentration Skeletal/voluntary muscles work as antagonistic pairs Skeletal/voluntary muscles work as antagonistic pairs