1. Human Physiology Lesson 16 Muscles Bones and Movement

2. Specification Function of the skeleton Key bones in the body and vertebral column Structure of bone Function and structure of a synovial joint Extensor and flexor muscles Physical injuries Degenerative diseases Chiropractor, osteopath, orthopaedic surgeon Surgery Back Problems

3. Skeleton Why do we have a skeleton?

5. 13 % of total mass 206 bones in an adult

6. Skel eto n

8. Muscles What purpose do they have?

10. MUSCLES

11. Major muscle groups

12. Antagonistic Pairs The Flexor The Extensor

13. Muscle Pairings Muscles that move a joint work in ……………… pairs. A good example of this is in the arm. When bending the arm, the ………… muscle contracts whilst the …………… muscle relaxes. When straightening the arm, the opposite occurs.

14. Make your own simplified diagram of the arm both bending and straightening- name the agonist and antagonist muscles in each case.

15. What is a joint?

16. Diagram of the joint

18. Cartilage – acts a shock absorber Synovial Fluid – allows joints to move smoothly Tendon – joins muscle to bone Ligament – join bone to bone

22. LIGAMENT, BONE, CARTILAGE, CAPSULE, SYNOVIAL FLUID, SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE, TENDONS, MUSCLES. DRAW AND LABEL THE JOINT- SAY WHAT EACH PART DOES

23. Synovial Joint Ligament Synovial Membrane Synovial Fluid Cartilage

24. The Back The Vertebral Column Structure

25. Posture 7 12 5 4 FUNCTION

26. BONES What is the structure of a bone? –Vitamin D –Calcium –Cartilage

27. BONES What is the structure of a bone?

28. Injuries What injuries are associated with bones, muscles and joints?

29. Injuries Sports Injuries –Sprains –Strains Posture – 5 million working days lost a year Degenerative diseases –Osteoarthritis –Osteoporosis

30. Solutions Physiotherapist Chiropractor/Osteopath Surgeons –Key Hole –Replacement- metal and plastic

31. Quick Questions