1. Cradle to Cradle Design & Intelligent Materials Pooling in Practice June 6, 2005Menlo Park, California Prof. Dr. Michael Braungart Introduction to the Principles & Potential of Intelligent Materials Pooling

2. Intelligent Materials Pooling A System of Nutrient Management for the Biological & Technical Metabolisms

6. Intelligent Materials Pooling Collaborative approach involving multiple companies willing to pool purchasing power in order to entirely eliminate hazardous material flows common to a number of companies in the industrial metabolism.

7. Intelligent Materials Pooling Nation-Building Analogy

8. Intelligent Materials Pooling Phase 1 Creating Strength: Identify partners Identify substances to eliminate

9. Intelligent Materials Pooling Phase 2 Using Strength: Develop a common list of preferred intelligent materials (i.e. positve purchasing and procurement list) –may include eco- effective polymers and additives, alloys, building materials, etc.

10. Intelligent Materials Pooling Phase 3 Define Flows: Define use periods for products and services IMP uses high quality materials, becoming a virtual ‘materials bank’

11. IMP Material Flows

12. Glass Pooling Automotive windshield glass –PVC membrane between two layers of glass –12% of Automotive shredder residue in U.S. –30% recycled in Europe Bottles and Containers –14% soda, 9% lime, 3.7% magnesia, 0.3% alumina –26.3% recycled in U.S. Halogen bulbs –24.5% alumina, 10.5% magnesia, 0.5% soda

13. Steel Pooling Uses –Automotive, Construction, Appliances, etc. Additives: –Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Niobium, Copper, Bismuth, Antimony, Manganese, Vanadium, Tungsten, Cobalt

14. Polyester / PET Pooling Electrical applications (fiber optics) Auto parts Packaging (bottles, bags, etc.) Fibers & textiles Films (windows, etc.)

15. Polyester / PET Pooling Most polyester catalyzed with antimony contains an average of 150-200 mg/kg. The Öko-Tex Standard 100 threshold value for antimony is 10 mg/kg (i.e. 10 ppm). The sportswear industry is increasingly using recycled (i.e. downcycled) post- consumer fibers –PET plastic soda bottles for fleece textiles. Is it designed to wear against your skin?!

16. IMP Advantages Generates community culture across companies offering new ways of doing business Leverages collaboration across industries and companies –Information sharing –Cost sharing Takes advantage of best materials, not just cheapest Moves competitive focus to design value, not material cheapness

17. Material ConneXion Where professionals - architects, engineers, industrial and interior designers, manufacturers - access specifications and manufacturers’ contacts for the latest, most innovative materials and processes from around the world through their on- line database or physical library. www.materialconnexion.com

18. NASA’s Smart Materials & Structures Seeks to apply multi-functional capabilities to existing and new materials and structures Smart materials and structures are those which can sense external stimuli, via internal sensing and/or actuation, and respond with active control to that stimuli in real or near-real time Current activities in the field range from the design, fabrication, and test of fully integrated structural systems to enabling research in individual discipline areas http://www.nttc.edu/techmart/technology.asp?technology_id=10http://www.nttc.edu/techmart/technology.asp?technology_id=10, http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast01mar_1.htm, http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/matdev/smartmat/objective.html http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast01mar_1.htm http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/matdev/smartmat/objective.html

19. Prof. Dr. Michael Braungart braungart@braungart.com www.braungart.com McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry www.mbdc.com EPEA Internationale Umweltforschung www.epea.com