1. Transcription and Translation Getting Genetic Information out of DNA out of DNA

2. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) A.Background 1.DNA codes for protein production a.cannot leave nucleus b.must send out a “messenger” B.RNA – the chemical messenger 1.differences from DNA: a.single stranded b.ribose sugar c.Uracil (U) instead of (T)

4. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) B.RNA – the chemical messenger 2.RNA’s Role... a.get DNA code to ribosome for protein synthesis 3.Types of RNA a.Messenger RNA (mRNA) 1.RNA copy of DNA code 2.takes copy to ribosome

6. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) B.RNA – the chemical messenger 3.Types of RNA b.Transfer RNA (tRNA) 1.transfers amino acids (protein building blocks) to protein construction site (ribosome)

9. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) B.RNA – the chemical messenger 3.Types of RNA c.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 1.structural RNA component of ribosomes 2.Ribosomes = rRNA and Protein

11. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) B.RNA – the chemical messenger DNA | RNA DNA | RNA A–UA–UA–UA–U C –G T –A G –C DNA Template RNA Copy of DNA Message

12. I.Transcription (DNA  RNA) C.Process of Transcription 1.Enzymes unzip DNA (just like in replication) 2.RNA nucleotides bind to the exposed DNA nucleotides a.AGC TAA CCG  (DNA) UCG AUU GGC  (RNA) 3.RNA strand breaks free, leaves nucleus, heads to ribosome

15. II.Translation (RNA  Protein) * mRNA is translated into polypeptide (protein) *amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds *polypeptide continues growing until a “stop codon” is reached

18. II.Translation (RNA  Protein) A.Translating the Message 1.every 3 letters in RNA codes for ONE amino acid a.3 letters = “codon” 2.every tRNA molecule is carrying ONE amino acid a.3 exposed bases at the bottom are called “anticodons”

19. II.Translation (RNA  Protein) B.Steps in Translation 1.mRNA binds to the ribosome 2.tRNA brings amino acid to ribosome 3.exposed mRNA codon attracts complementary tRNA anticodon 4.mRNA and tRNA join, ribosome holds both in place

20. II.Translation (RNA  Protein) B.Steps in Translation 5.ribosome slides down to next codon 6.the next tRNA joins, ribosome creates a peptide bond between the two amino acids of the 2 adjacent tRNA molecules. *polypeptide (protein) continues growing until a “stop codon” is reached