1. Chapter 17

2. The Central Dogma

3. Transcription & Translation Three main steps for each: Initiation Elongation Termination

4. Transcription: Initiation Promoters (TATAA) & transcription factors RNA Polymerase II & transcription initiation complex DNA unwinds, transcription begins

5. Transcription: Elongation RNA nucleotides added in 5’ to 3’ direction

6. Transcription: Termination Prokaryotes: terminator signal

7. Transcription: Termination Eukaryotes: polyadenylation signal sequence

8. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes 5’ guanine cap & 3’ poly-A tail added Facilitate export from nucleus Prevent degradation

9. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes Spliceosome of snRNP removes introns, leaves exons

10. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

11. Translation – Basic Info In cytoplasm Codons Wobble

12. Translation – Basic Info Anticodons & tRNA

13. Translation – Basic Info Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

14. Translation – Basic Info rRNA (ribosome) – two subunits

15. Translation - Initiation Initiator tRNA hydrogen bonds at start codon (AUG) Requires GTP Initiation factors attach ribosomal subunits

16. Translation - Elongation A new tRNA with complementary anticodon bonds at the A site. Requires GTP

17. Translation - Elongation Peptide bond forms between amino acids at P & A sites

18. Translation - Elongation Translocation Requires GTP Empty tRNA is released

19. Translation - Elongation Process repeats

20. Translation - Termination Release factor bonds at stop codon (UAG, UAA, UGA) Hydrolyzes bond between peptide chain & last tRNA Assembly separates

21. Translation Polyribosomes

22. Free vs. Bound Ribosomes All start free Signal peptide sequence on those bound for ER Signal-recognition particle (SRP) attaches

23. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Different RNA polymerases Different transcription termination Different sized ribosomal subunits

24. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Coupled T & T in prokaryotes

25. Other Important Topics (you read) Chromosome packing Mutation types (both gene & chromosomal)