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The big picture………

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Presentation on theme: "The big picture………"— Presentation transcript:

1 The big picture……… http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/bio201/trinity.gif

2 Overview of Transcription

3 Transcription Helicase-Unzips a gene in DNA RNA Polymerase- Matches up bases to one side of gene A-U and C-G RNA splicing –introns are removed (stay “in”nucleus) – exons are joined together as mRNA (“exit the nucleus) mRNA detaches from the DNA mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

4 mRNA is made from 1 gene in DNA. The type of RNA made is called mRNA (messenger RNA) because it sends a message from DNA to the cytoplasm. tRNA (Transfer RNA) & rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) are also made during transcription to use in translation.

5 How does mRNA tell the cell what to do? mRNA is a message that codes for a protein Proteins are made in the cytoplasm and then work to keep the cell alive Translation (protein synthesis): Process of making a protein Proteins are made up of amino acids (small building blocks) There are 20 different types of amino acids

6 Transcription & Translation http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/

7 Transcription & Translation http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/

8 DNA Translation (Changing RNA to Proteins) http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/ There are 4 steps to summarize translation: 1.The mRNA attaches to the ribosome 2.On a ribosome (in the cytoplasm) the tRNA (Transfer RNA) carries an amino acid that matches the codon on the mRNA strand. a.So if the mRNA strand has the codon UUA then you would look on the Amino Acid Chart & you will find that UUA codes for the amino acid Leucine 3.The different amino acids from the multiple tRNAs start to bond together to make a protein 4.The ribosome continues to translate the mRNA message until a STOP codon is reached. a.The protein then detaches from the ribosome & is in the cell to use.

9 DNA Translation http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/bio201/trinity.gif

10 DNA Translation http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/bio201/trinity.gif

11 DNA Translation http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/bio201/trinity.gif

12 DNA Translation http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/bio201/trinity.gif

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