1. RNARNA

2. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The BIG Picture…….

3. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.

4. What is RNA? Ribonucleic acid is genetic information. It is similar to DNA because it is also made of a sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases.

5. The structural differences between DNA and RNA 1.Sugars - DNA has Deoxyribose in its backbone - RNA has Ribose in its backbone. “deoxy” means without oxygen.

6. The structural differences between DNA and RNA 2. Nitrogenous Bases - DNA has Thymine - RNA has Uracil They both have Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine

7. The structural differences between DNA and RNA 3. Structure - DNA is a double strand - RNA is a single strand This allows RNA to leave the nucleus

8. Types of RNA 1. Messenger RNA - mRNA - carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

9. Types of RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA - rRNA carries genetic information for making new ribosomes. READS the message

10. Types of RNA 3. Transfer RNA - tRNA -Matches with mRNA during translation - Connected to amino acids -Amino acids of neighboring tRNA form a chain to make proteins.

11. DNA Transcription

12. Description DNA transcription is the process of creating messenger RNA (mRNA). Location DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus because that is where DNA is located.

13. How Transcription Works 1. The DNA strand unwinds 2. Complementary RNA nitrogenous bases match up with one side of the DNA strand 3. The RNA is released from the DNA strand. 4. The DNA rewinds. 5. The mRNA leaves the nucleus.

15. Go to 2:54

16. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.

17. Translation and Protein Synthesis

18. Interpreting the mRNA Strands of mRNA are divided into sections of 3 nitrogenous bases called codons. Codon – 3 bases that code for a specific amino acid.

19. Characteristics of tRNA tRNA has anticodons that compliment the mRNA codons tRNA is attached to an Amino acid that will form a protein chain.

20. Translation and Protein Synthesis Translation is the process of translating the genetic code of mRNA into tRNA. Protein Synthesis is the process of amino acids connected to tRNA bonding to form a protein. Translation and Protein Synthesis happen simultaneously.

21. Steps in Translation and Protein Synthesis 1.mRNA enters the ribosome 2.Complimentary tRNA attaches to the start codon on mRNA 3.The mRNA moves through the ribosome

22. Steps in Translation and Protein Synthesis (continued) 4.The next mRNA codon is matched with the complimentary tRNA 5.Amino acids connected to both tRNA strands connect to each other

23. Translation – Protein Synthesis (continued) 6.The process continues until a stop codon is reached, releasing the protein.

24. Go to 4:47

25. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.