1. Reflection helps you articulate and think about your processes for communication. Reflection gives you an opportunity to consider your use of rhetorical elements in your work.  For example, content; purpose; broad context as well as the specific situation; audience; use of pathos, ethos, and logos; organization and supporting details; use of visuals. Reflection helps you identify and consider more productive strategies.

2. Planning : What have you learned about the value of planning and revising? Time Management : What have you learned about using your time? Audience : What have you learned about addressing your audience? Rhetorical Triangle : What have you learned about logos, ethos, and pathos? Feedback : What have you learned about the value of receiving comments? Transformation : What have you learned about transforming written to visual to oral modes?

3. What have you learned about the value of planning and revising? How have your ideas and practices about planning changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

4. What have you learned about how you use your time during the process of writing a paper, creating or selecting visuals, and practicing and giving an oral presentation? How have your ideas and practices about time management changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

5. What have you learned about how you think about and address your audience during the process of writing a paper, creating or selecting visuals, and practicing and giving an oral presentation? How have your ideas and practices about considering audience changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

6. What have you learned about logos, ethos, and pathos? How have your ideas and practices about logic, about ethics and authority, and about emotion as part of persuasion changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

7. What have you learned about the value of receiving comments about your preliminary ideas, before you prepare a full draft? How have your ideas and practices related to peer review changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

8. What have you learned about transforming an argument from a written mode to a visual mode to an oral mode? How have your ideas and practices changed since the course started? What do you want to change in the future?

11. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Description: Summarize changes in your processes and products. Don’t evaluate; just describe. I see a change in my writing process. My process is different in a few ways. · I’m now aware that I HAVE a process. I actually plan now. · I pay more attention to what I’m doing. · I think about asking my friends for their opinions about my in-process work. · I think about deadlines; I plan so things get done on time. I see a change in my use of visuals. I never used visuals before. Before this course, I focused entirely on writing good papers. Now I think visuals can be useful and powerful. Making them part of my work is a good idea, both as support for a paper and as stand-alone communication. I see a change in my oral presentation preparation and style. I now know how to record a short presentation, which is a great way to practice future presentations. I became more comfortable with the technology. I could see myself improve each time I tried another version of my presentation.

12. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Feelings: Explain how you feel about the changes (or lack of changes). Surprised? Discouraged? Pleased? Optimistic? I’m disappointed about my writing but optimistic as well. I thought improvement in my writing would be a LOT faster, so I’m disappointed that I see only a little improvement, but that small amount makes me optimistic that my writing can improve a great deal more. I feel confident that I know how to get better: Write a lot more and seek feedback. I feel a lot of excitement about using visuals. I can’t even draw, so who would have guessed that the best part of this course for me is the excitement I feel about using visuals. Sometimes I feel like the photos I take say more than the words I write. I’m surprised I’m now less nervous doing oral presentations. I used to avoid oral presentations whenever possible because they made me extraordinarily nervous. I’m surprised that recording my practice sessions over and over actually makes me less nervous and more confident.

13. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Evaluation: Evaluate whether the change (or lack thereof) is, in your opinion, good or bad (or somewhere in between). The improvement in my writing is small but noticeable. I see some improvement in my writing. Now I’m more careful to use topic sentences that capture my main ideas. I’m super careful to include appealing details. In my Personal Philosophy Essay I used a persuasive statistic for logos, an appealing quotation for pathos; I double-checked accuracy for ethos. My papers and presentations are better when I use visuals. Since I never used visuals before, I could say improvement is HUGE, but, in fact, I’m only slightly comfortable using visuals. However, I think the visuals I do use improve my work. I won’t ever forget to use titles and captions. My oral presentation performance is a little better. I have a difficult time evaluating myself, but the difference between my first practice session and the final version of my presentation is obvious, even to me. I’m embarrassed to say I’m better because it sounds like bragging, but the recording shows that I improved.

14. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Analysis: Analyze what influenced, contributed to, or caused changes. Identify factors affecting processes and products. My writing was better because I revised. I think a lot about what I’m going to write, but I wait until the last minute to actually write the paper. No time for revision! This course forced me to plan, draft, wait for feedback, and then several days later revise the paper. I’m surprised that waiting actually makes the paper a LOT better. My use of visuals improved because I started seeing things differently. Analyzing visuals turned out to be easy and interesting. Actually, many of the visual concepts that gave me a new way to see images (for example, balance, background, symmetry) can be applied to my writing and oral presentations, too, which surprised me. My oral presentations were better because I prepared and practiced. I was terrified of doing a bad job with so many people seeing and listening to me. More than 17,000 people in our MOOC gives “audience” a new meaning. I imagined what other MOOC participants would be willing to hear. I tried to create a presentation interesting to people around the world.

15. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Conclusion: Generalize about your processes and products. Explain your future changes. I have a clearer sense of my own process. Because the video lectures and the assignments reinforced process, I now have a clearer sense of my own writing process. This change is important because I can now see how my process can be adapted to other situations. I can see the difference in the way I drafted my initial Benchmark Statement and the way I’m drafting the revised one. Because of this course, my confidence in using visuals has improved. The feedback I received in the Discussion Forums persuaded me that I could use visuals successfully. I’m confident that I can use factors such as balance, light, foreground and background, and framing when I analyze visuals that I consider including in my papers. My future presentations will be better because of what I learned in this course. I’m unlikely to ever give another oral presentation without considering audience and ways to use logos, ethos, and pathos. These rhetorical elements are going to stay with me forever.

16. ModelExamples—No Details Examples—Details Action plans — Project what you intend to do in the future. Explain how you plan to use what you’ve learned. I plan to get better.I plan to improve by spending more time thinking about what I’m going to write, brainstorming ideas (either by myself or with a friend), and planning with notes and an outline. I plan to do a better job of using visuals. Using visuals to support my ideas isn’t new to me (I believe they help a lot), but I always thought, if they were good enough, they spoke for themselves. I’ve learned that an audience can have multiple interpretations. From now on when I use visuals, I’ll spend create titles and captions. I plan to practice oral presentations. I’m a good speaker, so I’ve seldom practiced. Now I can see that I get even better with practice (even for a short talk like the one in this course), so in the future, I plan to practice up to three or four times before any presentation.