1. Section 2 – Diverse Traditions of Southeast Asia
I. Geography of Southeast Asia

2. Buddhism was one of many exports from
Setting the Scene
Buddhism was one of many exports from
India that had a profound effect on the
peoples of Southeast Asia. Sandwiched
between China and India, the region
known today as Southeast Asia was
strongly influenced by both of these
powerful neighbors. Yet the distinct
cultures of Southeast Asia retained their
own unique identities.

3. A. Location Southeast Asia consists of two major regions:
Mainland SE Asia Island SE Asia

4. Location
The mainland is separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and high plateaus

5. A. Location Mountains separate the four main river valleys:
the Irrawaddy, Chao Phraya, Mekong, and Red

6. The river valleys were home to early civilizations
A. Location
The river valleys were home to early civilizations

7. A. Location
All trade had to pass through the Malacca or Sunda straits - whoever controlled the straits controlled trade

8. B. Trade Routes in the Southern Seas
The monsoons, or seasonal winds, shaped
trading patterns

9. Shwedagon Pagoda Rangoon, Myanmar
C. Early Traditions
The peoples of Southeast Asia’s river valleys
developed their own unique cultures
Thailand
Shwedagon Pagoda Rangoon, Myanmar

10. II. Impact of India Indian merchants, Hindu priests, and Buddhist
monks spread their culture in SE Asia between
500 and 1000 AD

11. By the 1200s, Muslims ruled northern India
B. Islam
By the 1200s, Muslims ruled northern India

12. B. Islam
Traders spread Islamic beliefs and civilization
throughout the islands of SE Asia

13. III. New Kingdoms and Empires
Indian influences and local cultures produced
kingdoms and empires in Southeast Asia

14. A. Pagan
The kingdom of Pagan arose in the fertile rice-
growing Irrawaddy Valley (Myanmar)

15. In 1044, King Anawrahtar united the region
A. Pagan
In 1044, King Anawrahtar united the region
and made Pagan a major Buddhist center
The Ananda Temple, Pagan

16. A. Pagan Pagan fell in 1287 to the Mongols

17. B. The Khmer Empire
The Khmer empire (800 to 1350) controlled
much of Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia

18. B. The Khmer Empire
In the 1100s, King Suryavarman II built a great
temple complex at Angkor Wat

19. B. The Khmer Empire
Angkor Wat temple - hundreds of carved
figures tell Hindu myths and glorify the king

20. C. Srivijaya
The trading empire of Srivijaya flourished from
the 600s to the 1200s

21. IV. Vietnam Emerges
A. Chinese Domination
In 111 BC, Han armies conquered Vietnam and remained in control for 1,000 years

22. A. Chinese Domination
Vietnam was able to break free from China in 939 when the Tang dynasty collapsed
In AD 39, two noble sisters, Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, led an uprising that briefly drove the Chinese occupiers from the land. They tried to restore a simpler form of government based on ancient Vietnamese traditions

23. C. Religion

24. Most of the world’s major religions are represented in the region
C. Religion
Most of the world’s major religions are represented in the region

25. Islam - the main religion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei
C. Religion
Islam - the main religion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei

26. Christianity is practiced in areas once controlled by Europeans
C. Religion
Christianity is practiced in areas once controlled by Europeans

27. Buddhism is another major religion
C. Religion
Buddhism is another major religion

28. China has a mix of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism
C. Religion
China has a mix of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism
•42.2% are nonreligious
•28.5% adhere to Chinese folk religion
•8.4% profess Buddhism
•8.1% are Atheists
•7.1% are Christians
•4.3% are Muslims •1.5% are Taoists

29. The Japanese mainly practice Shinto and Buddhism
C. Religion
The Japanese mainly practice Shinto and Buddhism