1. William Terzaghi Spring 2015 Bio 369: Plant Physiology

2. COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work.

3. Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m 2

4. Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m 2 5% (max) can be stored in organics

5. Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m 2 5% (65W/m 2 ) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)

6. Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m 2 5% (65W/m 2 ) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour) Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism

7. Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis

8. Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition

9. Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism

10. Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism Growth & development

11. COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant physiologists work. Method

12. COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant physiologists work. Method Technology

13. Plan A Standard lecture course

14. Plan B Standard lecture course, except:

15. Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives

16. Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project

17. Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project 3.20% of grade will be “elective” Paper Talk Research proposal Poster

18. Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project 3.20% of grade will be “elective” Paper Talk Research proposal Poster Exam

19. Plan B schedule- Spring 2015 DateTOPIC JAN12General Introduction 14plant structure I 16plant structure II 19plants and water I 21plants and water II 23mineral nutrition I 26mineral nutrition II 28solute transport I 30solute transport II FEB2Photosynthetic light reactions I 4Photosynthetic light reactions II 6Calvin cycle 9C4 and CAM 11Environmental effects 13Phloem transport I 16 Exam 1

20. 18Phloem transport II 20Respiration I 23Respiration II 25Respiration III 27Lipid synthesis MAR2Spring Recess 4Spring Recess 6Spring Recess 9Biofuels 11Nutrient assimilation I 13Nutrient assimilation II 16Cell wall synthesis and growth I 18Cell wall synthesis and growth II 20Growth and development I 23Growth and development II 25Light regulation of growth I 27 Light regulation of growth II 30Growth regulators I

21. APR1Growth regulators II 3Easter! 6Easter! 8Growth regulators III 10Growth regulators IV 13Exam 2 15Elective 17Elective 20Elective 22Elective 24Elective 27Elective 29ElectiveLast Class! ???Final examination

22. Possible elective topics 1) Plant defense compounds 2) Control of flowering 3) Blue-light responses 4) Plant stress responses 5) Plant pathogens 6) Plant movements (heliotropism, venus fly traps, etc) 7) Plant neurobiology 8) Plants and global warming 9) Organelle genetics 10) Plant biotechnology 11) Phytoremediation 12) Lamarckian evolution 13) Self-incompatibility

23. Lab Schedule DateTOPIC Jan16General introduction, plant structure 23Water potential and transpiration 30Mineral nutrition Feb6Light reactions of photosynthesis 13CO 2 assimilation, C3 vs C4 and CAM 20Environmental effects on CO 2 assimilation 27Respiration Mar6Spring Recess 13Induction of nitrate reductase 20Growth and development I 29Independent project Apr3Easter 10Independent project 17Independent project 24 Independent project 29 Independent project

24. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.

25. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels

26. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels What would make a good biofuel? How and where to grow it? Can we get plants/algae to make diesel, H 2 (g) or electricity?

27. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change

28. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change How will plants be affected? Can we use plants to help alleviate it?

29. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance Structural Biochemical (including C3 vs C4 vs CAM) Other (dormancy, carnivory, etc)

30. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products Defense compounds Others?

31. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production Breeding: new traits to pick & ways to find them GMO New crops

32. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology

33. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation

34. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation 8.Plant movements

35. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation 8.Plant movements 9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology)

36. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation 8.Plant movements 9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology) 10.Something else?

37. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2.Climate/CO 2 change 3.Stress responses/stress avoidance 4.Plant products 5.Improving food production 6.Biotechnology 7.Phytoremediation 8.Plant movements 9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology) 10.Something else? Pick a problem

38. Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study

39. Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments

40. Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments 4.See where they lead us

41. Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments 4.See where they lead us Grading? Combination of papers and presentations

42. Plan C Grading? Combination of papers and presentations First presentation:10 points Research presentation: 10 points Final presentation: 15 points Assignments: 5 points each Poster: 10 points Intermediate report 10 points Final report: 30 points

43. BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Offices: SLC 363/CSC228 Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in CSC228 or by appointment Phone: (570) 408-4762 Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu

44. BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Offices: SLC 363/CSC228 Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in CSC228 or by appointment Phone: (570) 408-4762 Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu Course webpage: http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html

45. BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Offices: SLC 363/CSC228 Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in CSC228 or by appointment Phone: (570) 408-4762 Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu Course webpage: http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html Text: Taiz & Zeiger (2015). Plant Physiology, 6 th Ed. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA. ISBN 978-1-60535-255-8

46. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem 3.Root

47. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf A.Cuticle = lipid barrier

48. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells

49. Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells

50. Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells D.Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells

51. Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells D.Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export

52. Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead!

53. Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = sugars

54. Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = sugars Live!

55. Plant Structure Kranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath

56. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem

57. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells

58. Plant Structure Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem

59. Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem 3.Root Root cap protects tip

60. Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells

61. Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells

62. Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells Root hairs take up water & nutrients

63. Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells Root hairs take up water & nutrients Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells

64. Root Structure Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells Apoplast = space between cells

65. Root Structure Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells Apoplast = space between cells Symplast = cytoplasm (continuous t/o plant through plasmodesmata)

66. Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells

67. Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit

68. Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit 3) Cells arise by division of preexisting cells

69. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized

70. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism

71. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction

72. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity

73. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active

74. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli

75. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli 7) Homeostasis

76. Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli 7) Homeostasis 8) Very small

77. Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion

78. Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion 2)surface/volume ratio

79. Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion 2) surface/volume ratio surface area increases more slowly than volume

80. Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion 2) surface/volume ratio surface area increases more slowly than volume exchange occurs only at surface eventually have insufficient exchange for survival