1. INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Plant growth & life cycle depend on availability of meristems, assimilate, hormone and other growth substances and supportive environment

2. Empirically : Plant growth = genotype x environment Agriculturally : Crop production aims to maximize growth rate & yield through both genetic & environment manipulation, eg. Plant breeding, microclimate altering through site selection, tillage, irrigation, drainage, pest control, fertilization, planting date etc.

3. Definition of growth & Development Growth= - cell division - cell enlargement (agric.)= dry matter accumulation Development differentiation

4. Growth is favored by water & N Differentiation is favored by 1. Excess of photosynthate over growth needs 2. Favorable temperature 3. Proper enzyme system

5. 1. Mineral Nutrition & Cell Division (Mitosis, Meiosis) (Mitosis, Meiosis) Chromosome condense DNA synthesis, RNA, Protein Enzyme & nucleic acid metabolism Membrane breakdown and synthesis Cell wall synthesis More require & respiration Cytokinin & Auxin activities E

6. 2. Mineral Nutrition & Cell Expansion Massive uptake of water Vacuole development and tonoplast Synthesis of new cell wall material (keep constant thickness : Pectin) Solute accumulation in cytoplasm & vacuole (membrane permeability : CHO, Protein, Lipid, RNA)

7. Synthesis of new cytoplasmic organells (eg. chloroplast, mitochondria) More enzyme activities (Pn & respiration) & metabolism Auxin & pectin methylesterase (too high Auxin limit expansion)

8. 3. Mineral Nutrition & Cell Differentiation Cell Differentiation Callus culture Protoplast culture

9. Lacking exact information Multifactor control Sugar is necessary GA & enzyme GA modifies DNA - dependent RNA synthesis chemical change GA, Auxin affects membrane permeability & stability

10. Plant growth pattern : 1. Seed development, germination & dormancy 2. Growth and development of vegetative parts (root, shoot) 3. Flowering and fruiting

11. MINERAL NUTRITION & SEEDS 1. Seed Development Pollen nuclei + egg cellembryo (Zn) Sperm nuclei + polar nuclciendosperm (Zn) Microspore mother cell in anther Megaspore mother cell in embryo sac haploid cell Meiosis Pollen grainOvule (egg cell) Mitosis

12. Endosperm Cotyledon Perisperm Hilum, microplyle Testa : food, mineral, hormone reserve for germination

13. 2. Seed Composition Controlled by genetics, environment irrigation, fertilizer, other cultural practices, stage of development

14. 2.1 CHO starch (amylose, amylopectin) 300 - 400 > 1,000 glucose amylase glucose, maltose Sucrose (transportation) Krebs cycle (energy) > viscous (wetting) gelatinous (cook) red blue Iodine test

15. Inulin (Fructosan) Pentosan (5 - C sugars) Hemicellulose, Pectin The End