1. DISTRIBUTION OF CULICOIDES IMICOLA AND C. BOLITINOS (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN SOUTH AFRICA Labuschagne K 1,2 & Scholtz CH 2

2. Importance Nuisance, Economic, Medical, Veterinary Viruses, Protozoa, Nematodes African horse sickness (AHS) Bluetongue (BT)

3. History OVI Rene du Toit, 1943 C. imicola, 1980’s 1998 Clarens C. bolitinos Other Culicoides species Laboratory infected

4. Differences C. imicola Moist soils Wide spread Rains C. bolitinos Cattle, buffalo, wildebeest dung Cooler areas

5. Maps generation Culicoides species database 20 years 500 sites Distribution Average collection per site ARCGIS

9. Conclusions Maps indicate – Distribution overlap – Area of dominance differs C. bolitinos (Eastern Free State, KwaZulu Natal, Limpopo) C. imicola (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KZN, Western Cape) – C. imicola 500 000 specimens – C. bolitinos 10 000 specimens – Areas under surveyed – Link to temperature, rainfall

10. Acknowledgements ARC-OVI Funding bodies (EU, NDA) UP Zoology and Entomology Department ESRI Farmers and personnel Veterinary services (State vets, AHT’s) Private vets Rudy Meiswinkel