1. Power Quality Standards in China PQSynergy 2010, by Yan&Terry

2. China A huge “manufactory” of the world Huge losses due to power quality problems each year. –Who is/are responsible?

3. Question How many PQ standards are there in China?

4. Current Chinese PQ standards(1) Voltage regulations -GB/T 12325-2003 Frequency-GB/T 15945-1995 Unbalance-GB/T 15543-1995 Harmonics-GB/T 14549-1993 Flickers (Pst & Plt) -GB 12326-2000 –Wrote by utilities.

5. Current Chinese PQ standards(2) Temporary and transient overvoltages - GB/T 18481-2001 –Criticized by utilities– Strict supervision to utilities; many limits in the standard. –Difficult to carry out the measurement. –Never used—”waste money” –Reasonalbe? – limits, measurement costs, impacts…

6. Current Chinese PQ standards(3) Measurement and assessment of Power quality characteristics of Wind turbine generator system -GB/T 20320-2006 –No supervision from government. No penalty, waste money. Problems when wind farms connect with power grids. --(same problems for government investment for smart grid)

7. Current Chinese PQ standards(4) General requirements for monitoring equipments of power quality –Wrote by utilities and domestic PQ instrument vendors (sponsor), dominated by domestic PQ instrument vendors. –Low level requirement for specifications

8. Chinese PQ Standards Neutral and fair? Effective – play roles? Easy to carry out?

9. Revised Chinese PQ standards Voltage regulations -GB/T 12325-2003 Frequency-GB/T 15945-1995 Unbalance-GB/T 15543-1995 Harmonics-GB/T 14549-1993 Flickers (Pst & Plt) -GB 12326-2000

10. New Chinese PQ standards Inter-harmonics –Wrote by utility members and to protect utilities.

11. PQ standards – from the viewpoint of utility Protect utilities from facility’ impact to utility’s equipment –Arc furnace (Ion & steel plants) –Forging equipment

12. PQ standards – from the viewpoint of facility Provide good power supply to meet the need.

13. PQ standards– from the viewpoints of others Government Consulting companies PQ equipment manufacturers

14. Standards for other products and supervision Water –Drinking water –Neutral water Neutral Gas Cars Shoes

15. Supervision Supervision to facilities Supervision to utilities Third party organization? Penalty? – contract of Detroit Utility and car manufacturers.

16. Attentions to power quality Utilities—depending on management. –Some utilities spend little money on power quality. –Protect system equipment from damage. No penalty allowed. Shut off power supply Facilities– depending on demand. –Complain –Solution equipment.

17. Problems of the PQ standards Currently considered for overall aspects. –Effective to economy? –Consideration of customer’s demands?—too general?

18. Last year’s discussion by Terry Classify customers according to PQ demands Detail PQ standards--Different standard limits for different classifications of customers. Different rates for different PQ supply levels.

19. IEC PQ standards Influence to Chinese PQ standards.

21. Questions?