1. Announcements Tuesday, May 3 FINAL When: Tuesday, May 10, 7:30 – 9:30 Where: in our usual room. BRING YOUR 5” x 7” card with notes. BRING “problem” exams (misgraded, etc.) HELP SESSIONS: JUST DROP IN FOR HELP!!!! Wednesday at 5 pm, here Next Monday at 7 pm, TBA EXTRA CREDIT (10 PTS) Find the error in the hydrogen car article.

2. Today’s Factoids Population of China: 1,300,000,000 (20% of global population) Population of USA: 300,000,000 Log 10 (China) = 9.1 Log10(USA) = 8.5 U.S. –awarded Ph.D.’s in science & engineering: ~25,000/year

3. RedOx ReductionOxidation Lose oxygenGain oxygen Gain hydrogenLose hydrogen Gain electronsLose electrons

4. A sample case 2Na + 2H 2 O  2Na + + H 2 + 2OH - Na was oxidized: Na  Na + + e - (electron lost) H was reduced: lost oxygen O no change: lost H but gained e - Remember…we actually ran this reaction by dumping some sodium into water.

5. Another one 2 CH 3 OH  2 CH 2 O + H 2 C: ??? H: ??? O: ???

6. Still another one (related to “butter vs. margarine”) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH=CHCH 2 CH 3 + H 2  CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH-CHCH 2 CH 3 HH C ????? H ?????

7. Secret Agents: all part of the semantics nightmare that is RedOx Something that promotes reduction: reducing agent Example: K, Na, H, LiAlH 4 Something that promotes oxidation: oxidizing agent Example, O, F, Br, K 2 Cr 2 O 7

8. Main Applications of RedOx Recovery of metals from ores Corrosion Prevention of corrosion Batteries

9. And the sons of Pullman porters & the sons of engineers Ride their fathers' magic carpet made of steel Mothers with their babes asleep, rockin' to the gentle beat And the rhythm of the rails is all they feel City of New Orleans— Steve Goodman Steel!

10. Images of steel production

11. Reducing Iron Ore to Make Steel: from rust to riches 2 Fe 2 O 3 + 3C  4 Fe + 3CO 2 Rust i.e., ore From Coal How steel is really made: http://www.sidmar.be/CONTENT/2c.htm

12. RedOx & Geography COAL IRON ORE CARS

13. Electro-reduction for Aluminum 2Al 2 O 3  4Al + 3O 2 Electrons out Electrons in Power Plant

14. Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power Aircraft Industry

15. Why do we recycle aluminum?

16. Corrosion 2 Fe  2 Fe +2 + 4 e - 4e - + 2H 2 O + O 2  4OH - Electrons travel down nail

17. Batteries! What if we could trap those electrons, make ‘em do some work before the reduction step?

18. ENR vs XOM

19. Fuel Cells—Quick Intro

20. We are reliant on foreign oil. http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Charts-HTML/Energy/us-oil.htm U.S. oil imports as a percentage of consumption

21. http://www.saudi-us- relations.org/newsletter/saudi- relations-12.html

22. Los Angeles Solar Parking Slots

23. At the other end of I-10

24. Hybrid Vehicles RedOx Chemistry Galore “The car Detroit wants you to believe cannot be built.” But is that fair???

25. Hybrid Locomotive

26. Cool Fuel Cell Links How Stuff Works Link: http://science.howstuffworks.com/fuel- cell1.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/framed.ht m?parent=fuel- cell.htm&url=http://education.lanl.gov/reso urces/h2/gottesfeld/education.html

27. “Maybe I should invest in fuel cells.” P. Russo, 1999

28. More Announcements Pick up your HW 4 papers!! HW 5 due 5 pm—no exceptions. HW 5 answers by e-mail Monday evening help session, 5 pm Tuesday 7:30 am Final Exam (300 pts) Remember, only 5” x 7” cheat sheet No-calculator bribe raised to 17% for final.