1. Primary vs. Secondary Sources

2. Primary Sources Contemporary Accounts of an event written by the person who witnessed or experienced it. FIRST HAND! Original Documents, Unpublished – not about another document or account Published works - as long as they are written soon after the fact and not as historical accounts

3. Primary Sources Diaries Letters Memoirs Journals Speeches Manuscripts Statistical Data Interviews Photographs Audio or video recordings Research reports (natural or social sciences) Original literary or theatrical works Include: WRITE DOWN A FEW EXAMPLES!

4. Secondary Sources Interpret primary sources - at least one step removed from the event or phenomenon under review Examination of studies that other researchers have made of a subject Second Hand - conveys the experiences and opinions of others

5. Secondary Sources Usually in the form of published works Journal articles Books Radio and TV documentaries

6. How do you know? Ask yourself some questions: How does the author know these details? Was the author present at the event or soon on the scene? Where does this information come from—personal experience, eyewitness accounts, or reports written by others? Are the author's conclusions based on a single piece of evidence, or have many sources been taken into account?

7. Chapter 17

8. Moving to the City  1 st time in US history more than 50 percent of Americans living in cities  What types of problems might this create??

9.  What second industrial revolution invention allows us to live in the sky?

11. 1) What was Riis’ life like when he immigrated to America? 2) What new invention led to Riis being able to document “how the other half lived”? 3) What did Riis’ book do, in terms of the wealthy and middle class? 4) Who left Riis the message “I have read your book, and I have come to help”

13.  ANALYZE Riis’ photos  (FOR EACH PHOTO)  List people, objects, and activities in photo  Based on your observation infer (educated guess) why you think Riis took the photo  NAME Riis’ photos  Based on your inference what do you think Riis might have named each photo

14.  1. Why would Riis’ work have to be both illustrated and written?  2.Why did Riis title his book “How the Other Half Lives”? T.R. Called Riis “The most useful citizen of New York”

15.  Many tenements are torn down  All public schools have to have playgrounds  Landlords have to install toilets inside instead of outside

16.  Imagine that it is the early 1900s and you are an architect interested in redesigning NYC in order to make it more accessible and pleasant.  Sketch out your designs  Create a color key to identify buildings  Write a paragraph describing how these changes will improve the quality of life in NYC.  Answer questions from the reading “City Life in the Early 1900s”

17. CITY LIFE EARLY 20 th Century  Overcrowded  Diseases such as typhoid (caused by polluted water) and tuberculosis common  Fires were frequent  Streets unpaved and littered with trash and feces