1. Cancer 101: A Cancer Education and Training Program for American Indians & Alaska Natives Cancer 101: A Cancer Education and Training Program for American Indians & Alaska Natives Version 2 – Updated October 2011 Date Location Presented by: Presenter 1 Presenter 2

2. Chronic Conditions and Cancer Cancer 101 – Version 2 Learning Module 9

3. Learning Objectives At the completion of learning Module 9, you will be able to:  Describe the meaning of the term “chronic disease”.  Discuss why chronic conditions, including cancer, are a growing health concern.  Identify at least 3 of the most common chronic conditions in the U.S.

4. Learning Objectives (cont’d)  Describe at least 2 risk factors for chronic conditions.  Explain what is meant by “late effects” of cancer.  Discuss at least three action steps or strategies to reduce chronic conditions.

5. Chronic Disease  Three main characteristics: 1. Lasts at least one year or longer 2. Requires ongoing medical care 3. Limits daily activities

6. Chronic Disease Risk Factors PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT HEALTH CARE ACCESS SOCIAL, CULTURAL ECONOMIC FACTORS LIFESTYLE & HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS

7. Concerns about Chronic Conditions  Number of people affected is growing  Most are above 65 years of age  Increased risk for poorer health outcomes including disability and death  Consume large portion of healthcare dollars and resources Photo credit: Kazatzka

8. Leading Chronic Conditions  Heart disease  Cancer  Stroke  Diabetes  Arthritis  Overweight and obesity

9. Other Chronic Conditions  Substance use and addiction disorders  Mental illness  Dementia  Cognitive impairment disorders  Developmental disabilities

10. Chronic Conditions and Cancer  Risk increases with age.  Requires care and management over the lifespan.  Many older adults suffer from one or more chronic conditions.  Existing chronic conditions may impact treatment and outcomes.

11. Concerns for People with Chronic Conditions and Cancer  Lack of information  Potential impact on: Quality of life Ability to self-care Cancer treatment decisions Cancer treatment outcomes

12. “Late Effects” of Cancer Treatment  Cancer treatment can result in a number of changes months to years following treatment.  These changes are called “late effects”.  Risk varies from person to person.

13. Late Effects: Chemotherapy & Radiation  Heart  Lung  Brain, spinal cord, nerves  Kidney and bladder  Digestive system  Endocrine system  Bone, joint and soft tissues  Vision, hearing and dental Photo credits: Rhoda Baer | Source: NCI

14. Late Effects: Surgery  Changes in the body from surgery include: Lymphedema Loss of a limb Infection Photo credit: National Cancer Institute

15. Late Effects: Cognitive Changes  Changes in how we handle or process information: Attention Memory Concentration

16. Late Effects: Emotional Changes  Anxiety  Depression  Anger  Stress  Grief and loss  Fear Photo credit: lolololori

17. Late Effects: Other  Fatigue  Second Cancers

18. Reducing Risk for Chronic Conditions  Focus on factors needed to improve and sustain health and wellness: Lifestyle Behaviors Environment Resources Education Access to healthcare Health policies

19. Risk Reduction Strategies  Strategies for action should: Target multiple levels (individuals, communities, systems) Be holistic Use available resources

20. Individual Action for Risk Reduction  Get active and stay active  Eat a healthy diet  Don’t smoke or use smokeless tobacco  Reduce exposure to secondhand smoke  Limit alcohol consumption  Get regular checkups and screening tests

21. Community Action for Risk Reduction  Advocate for: Healthy food choices in schools, restaurants, and work places Fresh and affordable choices for fruits and vegetables available locally Access to safe places for physical activity

22. Systems Level Action for Risk Reduction  Access to prevention information that is easy to understand  Promoting health education in the classroom and promoting health checks among youth  Advocating for workplace wellness programs

23. In Summary  You now have an understanding of: What chronic disease is Why chronic disease, including cancer, is a growing health concern Some common types of chronic disease Risk factors for chronic disease Some common “late effects” of cancer treatment Action steps to reduce chronic disease risk