1. Vocabulary
Periods
Groups
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids

2. Periodic Law
The Periodic Law states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

3. Periods The horizontal rows of the periodic table (1-7)
Tell us how many or the highest energy level an elements electrons exist in
All elements in a period
are in order by atomic
number, increasing from
left to right

4. Groups The vertical columns of the periodic table (1-18)
All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons
All the elements in a
group have very similar
chemical and physical
properties

5. Metals Generally good conductors of heat and electric current
High luster (shiny)
Malleable and ductile
Most elements are metals – 80%

6. Non-metals Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Vary in properties, most are gases, some are liquids and solids
Solid forms are dull and brittle

7. metalloids Share properties of both metals and nonmetals
Ex: May be a good conductor but brittle

8. Representative Elements
Found in groups and groups 13 – 18
Wide variety of properties that represent the table as a whole
Represent each category of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Represent each state of matter solids, liquids and gasses 1A 2 2A
3A A A A A

9. Transition metals Groups 3 - 12 (middle of the periodic table)
These metals are solid at room temperature (except for Mercury)

10. Inner transition metals
Found underneath the periodic table
Lanthanide series - period 6
Actinide series - period 7
These metals are solid at room temperature
Inner Transition Metals

11. Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Group 1 (1A) – excluding Hydrogen
1 valence electron
Very unstable and highly reactive
Extremely soft metals
All have low densities, melting and boiling points.

12. Alkaline Earth Metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Group 2 (2A)
2 valence electrons
Very reactive
Bond and lose 2 electrons

13. Halogens F, Cl, Br, I, At Group 17 (7A) 7 valence electrons
Bond and gain 1 more electron to make their outer energy level full.
A halogens bond with alkali metals to form a salt

14. Noble Gasses He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Group 18 (8A) 8 valence electrons
Most stable of the elements (non-reactive)
Outermost energy level or shell is full, so they do not naturally bond with other elements
Share properties like high densities, high melting points, colorless, odorless, and tasteless

15. Lanthanide Series “Rare-Earth elements”
Found on the top row of the inner transition metals
Named from element Lanthanum (La) atomic number 57 - common properties

16. Actinide Series Radioactive metals
Found on the bottom row of the inner transition metals
Named after the element Actinium (Ac) atomic number 89 - common properties

17. Semester Exam
If you have a year to date grade average at or above 85% you may choose to exempt out of the semester exam and have your Semester Exam Study Guide count as your test score