2. Discussion In light of the growing militarism in Germany, how do you think other nations might have responded to the growing militarism in Japan? In light of the growing militarism in Germany, how do you think other nations might have responded to the growing militarism in Japan? other nations might have been worried about having to deal with military aggression in Asia as well as in Europe.

4. Japan's Desire for Natural Resources and Expansion Seizure of Manchuria: In 1931 Japan took over the Chinese province of Manchuria to gain access to its extensive natural resources. Seizure of Manchuria: In 1931 Japan took over the Chinese province of Manchuria to gain access to its extensive natural resources. Expansion into Inner Mongolia and northern China: Japan responded to criticism from the League of Nations by withdrawing from the League. It continued its expansion, seizing territory in northern China and Inner Mongolia. Expansion into Inner Mongolia and northern China: Japan responded to criticism from the League of Nations by withdrawing from the League. It continued its expansion, seizing territory in northern China and Inner Mongolia. Delayed response by China: Chinese leader Chiang Kai- shek was initially slow to combat Japanese aggression because his army was busy fighting Chinese Communists. Delayed response by China: Chinese leader Chiang Kai- shek was initially slow to combat Japanese aggression because his army was busy fighting Chinese Communists. Japan's advance through China: When Chiang finally did send Chinese troops against Japan, he suffered a series of setbacks and had to retreat. Japan's advance through China: When Chiang finally did send Chinese troops against Japan, he suffered a series of setbacks and had to retreat.

9. Discussion Why do you think the Japanese used deception to justify their military takeover of Manchuria? Why do you think the Japanese used deception to justify their military takeover of Manchuria? other nations might not have accepted Japan's actions without a reason and that a simulated attack by the Chinese gave them an excuse to invade.

10. Background Henry Pu Yi (1906–1967) was three years old when his uncle died and he became emperor of China. He reigned under a regency for three years, then was forced from the throne following the Chinese revolution of 1911. This ended the 267- year Qing rule of China and the 2,000- year-old Chinese imperial system. No longer royalty, Pu Yi chose Henry as a given name. Pu Yi's autobiography, From Emperor to Citizen, was published in English in 1964. Pu Yi also was the subject of the 1987 movie The Last Emperor. Henry Pu Yi (1906–1967) was three years old when his uncle died and he became emperor of China. He reigned under a regency for three years, then was forced from the throne following the Chinese revolution of 1911. This ended the 267- year Qing rule of China and the 2,000- year-old Chinese imperial system. No longer royalty, Pu Yi chose Henry as a given name. Pu Yi's autobiography, From Emperor to Citizen, was published in English in 1964. Pu Yi also was the subject of the 1987 movie The Last Emperor.

12. New Asian Order and New Japanese Attacks Attempt to create a New Order in Asia: Japan hoped to join with China to seize the Siberia region of the USSR, which had vast mineral resources. Attempt to create a New Order in Asia: Japan hoped to join with China to seize the Siberia region of the USSR, which had vast mineral resources. Effect of Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact: When Japan's ally, Nazi Germany, signed a nonaggression agreement with the Soviet Union, Japan's hopes of seizing Siberia were dashed. The Japanese next looked to Southeast Asia. Effect of Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact: When Japan's ally, Nazi Germany, signed a nonaggression agreement with the Soviet Union, Japan's hopes of seizing Siberia were dashed. The Japanese next looked to Southeast Asia. Demand for resources of French Indochina: In 1940, Japan demanded the right to resources in Indochina. The United States objected to this demand and threatened Japan with economic sanctions Demand for resources of French Indochina: In 1940, Japan demanded the right to resources in Indochina. The United States objected to this demand and threatened Japan with economic sanctions

14. Discussion How did a change in political alliances force Japan to change its plans for expansion? How did a change in political alliances force Japan to change its plans for expansion? Japan had hoped to join forces with Germany to invade the Soviet Union and divide its resources between them. The alliance between Hitler and Stalin forced Japan to change its plans, looking instead to Southeast Asia for access to natural resources.

15. Discussion What are economic sanctions? What are economic sanctions? trade restrictions intended to enforce international law

16. Discussion Why was the threat of economic sanctions a concern to Japan? Why was the threat of economic sanctions a concern to Japan? Japan had limited natural resources and relied on oil and scrap iron from the United States. If sanctions were enforced, the Japanese would lose those resources.

17. Discussion What was a key motivation for Japan's plans to expand into China, the Soviet Union, and French Indochina? What was a key motivation for Japan's plans to expand into China, the Soviet Union, and French Indochina? the need for natural resources to support its expanding economy and military