2. THE RISE OF HITLER & EUROPEAN DICTATORS 1920-38

3. VOCABULARY JOSEF STALINJOSEF STALIN TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM BENITO MUSSOLINIBENITO MUSSOLINI FASCISMFASCISM ADOLF HITLERADOLF HITLER NAZISMNAZISM NEUTRALITY ACTSNEUTRALITY ACTS

4. TIMELINE 1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN ITALY1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN ITALY 1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES POWER1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES POWER 1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF 1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA 1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA

5. THE RISE OF DICTATORS HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR WWII?HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR WWII? –TREATY OF VERSAILLES PLACED HUGE FINANCIAL BURDEN ON SOME NATIONS EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33 BILLION)EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33 BILLION) THIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERSTHIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERS –MANY NATIONS HAD NO EXPERIENCE WITH DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT –SO…IT WAS EASIER FOR DICTATORS TO SEIZE POWER –THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS HAD NO REAL POWER TO STOP AGGRESSION FROM DICTATORS

7. BorderBorder Changes, 1919

8. GERMANY AFTER VERSAILLES

9. DICTATORS WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s?WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s? –SOVIET UNION (RUSSIA) –ITALY –GERMANY –JAPAN –SPAIN WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION?WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION? –SOVIET UNION: JOSEF STALIN, COMMUNIST PARTY –ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI (a.k.a.“IL DUCE” ) & THE FACSIST PARTY –SPAIN: GEN. FRANCISCO FRANCO - MILITARY DICTATORSHIP –JAPAN: 2 LEADERS: EMPEROR HIROHITOEMPEROR HIROHITO GEN. HIDEKI TOJOGEN. HIDEKI TOJO

10. Adolf Hitler & Josef Stalin

11. GERMANY WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s?WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s? –GERMANY’S ECONOMY WAS DEVESTATED BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES –GERMAN LAND / RESOURCES WERE STRIPPED AWAY BY THE TREATY EX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY FRANCEEX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY FRANCE WHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES WERE THEREWHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES WERE THERE –GERMAN PRIDE / HONOR WAS STAINED BY THE RESULTS OF WWI –MANY GERMANS WANTED TO REGAIN GERMAN HONOR & POWER –1932: 6 MILLION GERMANS UNEMPLOYED RESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATORRESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATOR

12. ADOLF HITLER:ADOLF HITLER: –AUSTRIAN BY BIRTH –DECORATED SOLDIER IN GERMAN ARMY IN WWI –AMBITION WAS TO BE A PAINTER REJECTED BY ART SCHOOLREJECTED BY ART SCHOOL HITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESSHITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESS –1919: JOINED ORIGINAL NAZI PARTY BECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADERBECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADER 1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN MUNICH1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN MUNICH –IT FAILS, HE AND OTHER NAZIS ARE ARRESTED –TRIED AND IMPRISONED FOR TREASON / ATTEMPTED REBELLION –DICTATES MEIN KAMPF WHILE IN PRISON 1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS;NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS; –EXTREME GERMAN NATIONALISM –EXTREME ANTI-SEMITISM / RACIAL IDEOLOGY –BELIEF IN NATIONAL EXPANSION, LEBENSRAUM –BELIEVED “ARYAN” RACE WAS DESTINED TO RULE –QUESTION: HOW DO NAZIS DEFINE “ARYAN”? JANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLORJANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR –QUESTIONS: WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER?WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER? WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER?WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER? NAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINSNAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINS

13. Hitler In WWIHitler In WWI German Army Adolf Hitler, 1 yr. old (1890)

14. Hitler & Mussolini, Hitler on Time

15. WAR IN EUROPE (SECTION 2) VOCABULARY:VOCABULARY: –NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN –WINSTON CHURCHILL –APPEASEMENT –NONAGGRESSION PACT –BLITZKRIEG –CHARLES DE GAULLE

16. TIMELINE / OUTBREAK OF WAR 1938:1938: –GERMANY FORCES AUSTRIA TO UNIFY W/GERMANY CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS”CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS” HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of Czechoslovakia)HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of Czechoslovakia) GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?)GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?) –THE MUNICH CONFERENCE HITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSIONHITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSION NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENTNEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENT BRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL WORKBRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL WORK CHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZISCHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZIS 1939:1939: –GERMANS SEIZE REMAINDER OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA –GERMAN – SOVIET NONAGGRESSION TREATY –GERMANY INVADES POLAND (SEPT.) –FRANCE, BRITIAN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY –WW II BEGINS 1940:1940: –GERMANY INVADES / CONQUERS FRANCE –THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN

17. Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini Munich, 1938

18. Chamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler atChamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler at Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference

19. WINSTONWINSTONCHURCHILL

20. WINSTON CHURCHILL

21. BLITZKREIG DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG”DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG” HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE?HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE? –SEE DIAGRAM, P. 712 QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS: –WHY DID THE IDEA FOR BLITZKREIG DEVELOP IN THE 1930’s? –WHY DO YOU THINK THE GERMANS USED BLITZKREIG TACTICS?

22. BLITZKREIG: BASIC CONCEPTS

23. German Airdrop,German Airdrop, Crete, Greece, 1940

24. GERMAN PARATROOPERS, 1940

26. GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941 GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941

27. GermanGerman Luftwaffe Luftwaffe “Stuka” Dive Bombers, 1940

28. STUKAS IN ACTION