1. Thursday, January 8 th Bell Work: Please pick up the map labeling worksheet from the back table, a review book from the back shelf, and find your assigned seat. Take the first 15 minutes of class to complete the map labeling worksheet as directed.

2. Daily Agenda: Bell Work: Map Labeling Socratic Discussion: 1491 Lecture: The First Americans and European Exploration Vocab Review: Unit 1.1 and 1.2 SFIs Essential Question: How might the human and physical environment in North America have been different without the introduction of European peoples? Homework: Read Brinkley pgs. 18-33. (Review Quiz tomorrow).

3. Socratic Discussion: Do you feel that Charles Mann effectively argued that our old preconceptions of Pre-Columbia America were inaccurate? What specific examples does he give about inaccurate preconceptions? What successes and achievements does the article attribute the New World? “I asked seven anthropologists, archeologists, and historians if they would rather have been a typical Indian or a typical European in 1491. Every one chose to be an Indian.” What reasons were presented for this?

4. First Americans and European Exploration Unit 1.1 and 1.2

5. Who, When, from Where, Why? What is the difference between immigration and migration? Long before Columbus, what is the story of how people got to America? Land Bridge over Bering Strait Approx. 20-40 thousand years ago

6. Development of Civilization Hunter-gatherers What did they do? Subsistence farmers Enough for who? City-States In N & S America, civilizations came about after there was a surplus of what crop?

7. Early Cultures in America Olmec/Mayan in Yucatan Peninsula Aztec is Central Mexico Inca in South America Anasazi and Hohokam – SW USA Mississippian Culture Mound builders Cahokia Mound (Illinois) Crystal River Ancestors to modern tribes

8. What is the most important thing to know about the pre-Columbian Native Americans? There were hundreds/thousands of different nations. Not United! How would that hurt them against European invaders? One group loosely united – Iroquois Confederation (loose union) of tribes Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora

10. Florida Tribes in 1492 South Florida – Calusa Middle/NE – Timucua Panhandle – Apalachee Plus other smaller tribes If you were a Native America living in Citrus County 500 years ago, what area would be best to live? How would you live?

11. Exploration Unit 1.2

12. Who came before Columbus? Besides the original Native Americans, one group from Europe - Vikings Vineland, around 1000 A.D. Why does it not really matter compared to Columbus?

13. Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator – Started school, financed explorations Portugal would search for route to Asia around Africa Later Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spain. Why would the Pope want this in 1494? What was the problem with it?

14. 1492 Who sailed the Ocean blue? 1492 - Columbus changes history. Columbian Exchange New things in new places. What are some new things to the New World? What are some new things to the Old World? What major agricultural products came to Florida that were not here before Columbus?

15. Spanish in the Americas Conquistadores and the three Gs – Gold, Glory, and God Cortes and the Aztecs Repeating theme for Native Americans: What happened to them once they met Europeans? Encomienda System – demanded labor (feudal-like) What was the problem with Native Americans for labor? What was the solution?

16. Spanish in Florida (and Citrus Co.) Ponce de Leon – 1513. What happened on his 2 nd trip? What is he truly looking for? Pánfilo de Narváez – 1527 Hernando de Soto – 1539 St. Augustine (first city established in future US) Pensacola and missions Why did the Spanish establish those towns in Florida?

18. Spanish in the Southwest Santa Fe established as capital of New Mexico in 1609. Harsh treatment of Native Americans led to Pueblo Rebellion Led by Pope in 1680 California missions in response to Russian Alaska settlement

19. French in the Americas Would settle in future Canada, Great Lakes area, and Mississippi River valley. New France Explorers – Champlain, Jolliet, Marquette, La Salle What was their major source of income? How was their treatment of Native Americans different from other Europeans? Why?

20. The Dutch and Swedish Established trading posts called Patroons In New Netherlands Now New York New Amsterdam – NYC Many financial ideas start Port Orange – Albany How was the treatment of Native Americans by the Dutch? Swedish settle in current N.J. area Taken over by Dutch Bring to America the log cabin

22. Early British Exploration Sir Francis Drake and raids on Spanish John Cabot and the search for the Northwest Passage Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 open door for English Roanoke – “The Lost Colony” – founded in 1587 Virginia Dare – 1 st English child born in North America What happened to it? Croatan

23. Jamestown - 1607 Virginia Company / London Company Joint-stock company – purpose is to make $$$ What were they looking for? John Smith Powhattan and his daughter (who is that?) Starving Time (1609/10) Saved (economically) by John Rolfe and his “brown gold” Virginia Company later bankrupted, Virginia became the 1 st royal colony.

24. Vocab Review: Anasazi, Hohokam, Mississippian Cultures Mounds Maize Confederation Subsistence Farming Pueblo Revolt Conquistadors Jamestown John Rolfe / John Smith / Pocahontas Encomienda Patroons