1. Foreign Policy during the Federalist Period: Britain or France? France; Edmond Genet France; Edmond Genet Another emerging difference between the two parties was in their Foreign Policies – esp. their perspectives on France and Britain Another emerging difference between the two parties was in their Foreign Policies – esp. their perspectives on France and Britain Both parties supported the French Revolution at first, but as it grew more radical (Reign of Terror) the Federalists pulled back, while the Republicans continued to offer support Both parties supported the French Revolution at first, but as it grew more radical (Reign of Terror) the Federalists pulled back, while the Republicans continued to offer support The Republicans felt an obligation to give moral support to the French since they supported the US against the British in their Revolution (gratitude), felt that the French Revolution was still a struggle for democracy The Republicans felt an obligation to give moral support to the French since they supported the US against the British in their Revolution (gratitude), felt that the French Revolution was still a struggle for democracy

2. Some Republicans felt that under a Treaty with France, in 1778, the US had a binding obligation – the agreement was to fight together until the British threat to both was eliminated…extremists advocated military support for French Some Republicans felt that under a Treaty with France, in 1778, the US had a binding obligation – the agreement was to fight together until the British threat to both was eliminated…extremists advocated military support for French The Federalists, condemned the horrors of the French Revolution, and then when Britain declared war on France in 1793, supported (moral support only) the British over the French The Federalists, condemned the horrors of the French Revolution, and then when Britain declared war on France in 1793, supported (moral support only) the British over the French

3. But the key leaders in both parties - Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson, Madison – and Washington were all in agreement that the US was not ready economically or militarily to fight a war…should recognize the new French Republic but stay out of war But the key leaders in both parties - Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson, Madison – and Washington were all in agreement that the US was not ready economically or militarily to fight a war…should recognize the new French Republic but stay out of war Washington issued a Neutrality Proclamation in 1793 Washington issued a Neutrality Proclamation in 1793 In 1794 Congress passed a Neutrality Act forbidding US citizens to participate in the war and prohibiting the use of US soil as a base of operations for either side. In 1794 Congress passed a Neutrality Act forbidding US citizens to participate in the war and prohibiting the use of US soil as a base of operations for either side.

4. French ignored the Neutrality Proclamation and Act; sent Edmond Genet to the US - to get help for the French cause from the general public (take adv. of Republican sympathies). French ignored the Neutrality Proclamation and Act; sent Edmond Genet to the US - to get help for the French cause from the general public (take adv. of Republican sympathies). Landed in Charleston, tried to recruit American ship- owners, merchants…and Nathaniel Greene to raise an army and invade British Canada. Landed in Charleston, tried to recruit American ship- owners, merchants…and Nathaniel Greene to raise an army and invade British Canada. Outraged, Washington demanded that the French Gov recall him; but meanwhile the Jacobins took over Gov of France and Genet dared not return Outraged, Washington demanded that the French Gov recall him; but meanwhile the Jacobins took over Gov of France and Genet dared not return

5. He pleaded with Washington to allow him to stay – was granted political asylum, and given land He pleaded with Washington to allow him to stay – was granted political asylum, and given land Political leaders were pleased that the first challenge to neutrality had been overcome successfully Political leaders were pleased that the first challenge to neutrality had been overcome successfully

6. Britain; Jay’s Treaty Britain; Jay’s Treaty A second even greater challenge to its neutrality came shortly afterwards - this time from the British. A second even greater challenge to its neutrality came shortly afterwards - this time from the British. In spite of Hamilton’s known pro-British position / sentiments, Britain did not send an ambassador to the US until 1791, issues of frontier forts, trade, loans had not yet been resolved In spite of Hamilton’s known pro-British position / sentiments, Britain did not send an ambassador to the US until 1791, issues of frontier forts, trade, loans had not yet been resolved In 1794 the British navy began seizing US ships trading with the French West Indies, and impressing the sailors. In 1794 the British navy began seizing US ships trading with the French West Indies, and impressing the sailors. Also, the Canadian governor incited Indians on the Northwest frontier, supplying them with weapons, to attack US settlers Also, the Canadian governor incited Indians on the Northwest frontier, supplying them with weapons, to attack US settlers

7. As a result, Anti-British feelings were strong, esp. among extreme Jeffersonians, some of whom called for a declaration of war on Britain. As a result, Anti-British feelings were strong, esp. among extreme Jeffersonians, some of whom called for a declaration of war on Britain. Hamilton was opposed to war with Britain - to pacify the situation he decided to send John Jay (a Federalist), Supreme Ct. Chief Justice, to Britain to work out a settlement Hamilton was opposed to war with Britain - to pacify the situation he decided to send John Jay (a Federalist), Supreme Ct. Chief Justice, to Britain to work out a settlement

8. The British knew that Jay (as well as Hamilton) was pro-British and that they could get a favorable bargain with him The British knew that Jay (as well as Hamilton) was pro-British and that they could get a favorable bargain with him Jay’s instruction were to: Jay’s instruction were to: secure compensation for British assaults on US ships/sailors secure compensation for British assaults on US ships/sailors secure an end to future impressment secure an end to future impressment demand withdrawal of British forces from the frontier posts and an end to arming Native Americans there demand withdrawal of British forces from the frontier posts and an end to arming Native Americans there negotiate a commercial treaty negotiate a commercial treaty

9. Jay’s Treaty, 1794 He returned with a Treaty which included: He returned with a Treaty which included: 1. Britain would evacuate the frontier forts 1. Britain would evacuate the frontier forts 2. Compensation for losses to ships / sailors 2. Compensation for losses to ships / sailors 3. A Trade /Commercial Agreement 3. A Trade /Commercial Agreement 4. the US promised to repay pre-Revolution debts to Britain 4. the US promised to repay pre-Revolution debts to Britain But: no guarantee to end impressment and no guarantee to stop arming Native Americans But: no guarantee to end impressment and no guarantee to stop arming Native Americans

10. Jeffersonians rejected the Treaty as being too pro- British while Hamiltonians supported it on the grounds that it prevented war with Britain and included a good trade deal. Jeffersonians rejected the Treaty as being too pro- British while Hamiltonians supported it on the grounds that it prevented war with Britain and included a good trade deal. Federalist controlled Congress voted to accept it Federalist controlled Congress voted to accept it

11. Spain: Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 Spain: Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 One unintentional outcome of the Treaty was its impact the US relationship with Spain – led indirectly to end of conflict with Spain over the Mississippi and Florida regions. One unintentional outcome of the Treaty was its impact the US relationship with Spain – led indirectly to end of conflict with Spain over the Mississippi and Florida regions. Spain, fearful of an American -British alliance against her territory in Nth America, negotiated a treaty with the US, giving the US Spain, fearful of an American -British alliance against her territory in Nth America, negotiated a treaty with the US, giving the US unlimited rights to use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans unlimited rights to use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans fixed the border between Florida and the US, along the 31st parallel, (no longer claimed land North of Gulf of Mexico) fixed the border between Florida and the US, along the 31st parallel, (no longer claimed land North of Gulf of Mexico) required Spanish authorities to prevent the Indians in Florida region from raiding across the border into the US required Spanish authorities to prevent the Indians in Florida region from raiding across the border into the US

12. After two terms in office Washington decided to retire in 1796 (began a 2 term tradition – until 22 nd Amendment, 1946 made it mandatory) After two terms in office Washington decided to retire in 1796 (began a 2 term tradition – until 22 nd Amendment, 1946 made it mandatory) Federalists tried to persuade him to run again - felt their party was breaking up, that Washington’s continuation could keep it together. Federalists tried to persuade him to run again - felt their party was breaking up, that Washington’s continuation could keep it together. Washington wrote a "Farewell Address" in which he: Washington wrote a "Farewell Address" in which he: Warned about the "insidious wiles of foreign influence" - a warning against permanent international entanglements (as with France in 1778) that could drag the US into War Warned about the "insidious wiles of foreign influence" - a warning against permanent international entanglements (as with France in 1778) that could drag the US into War Warned about the dangers of emerging political parties Warned about the dangers of emerging political parties

13. Was praised by Federalists for helping them to establish strong stable central govt. and avoid foreign wars Was praised by Federalists for helping them to establish strong stable central govt. and avoid foreign wars Presidential Election of 1796 was between Jefferson (Burr as running mate) and Adams (Washington’s vice President: chosen ahead of the quarrelsome- confrontational Hamilton) with Pinckney as running mate Presidential Election of 1796 was between Jefferson (Burr as running mate) and Adams (Washington’s vice President: chosen ahead of the quarrelsome- confrontational Hamilton) with Pinckney as running mate First contested Presidential Election – (4 candidates – on same ballot, one vote) First contested Presidential Election – (4 candidates – on same ballot, one vote)