1. Development and Optimisation of Demand-Side Control Algorithm for Micro-cogeneration System Student:Mr Jun HONG Supervisors: Professor Joe Clarke, Cameron Johnstone RPD 2006

2. Crisis! 危 （ wei ） 机 （ ji ） Challenge s! Opportunities?

3. Challenges Demand shoots-up; Electricity Black-outs; Fuel shortage; Global warming.

4. Research Issues Embedded Generation –Micro-CHP; –RETs, like PV, wind turbine, heat pump, etc. Demand-side Management –Energy conservation technology –Load Management

5. Specific issues of my research Optimisation of Micro-CHP Operation –Load dynamics (low efficiency; more CO2 emissions; less durability) Development of DSC Algorithm (*) –Reduce the demand; –Micro-CHP-friendly operation load profile; –Demand-follow-supply energy structure;

6. What is DSC? Purpose –Maximize the match between supply and demand; –Minimize the impact of users; Methods –Change the pattern of uses (Demand Relocation); –Implement switching strategies (Demand Control, Load Growth); DSC applications for different levels of demands –Aggregated demands (multi-families households); –Individual demand (single family household);

7. DSC Algorithm Load properties Shift Increment Shift Boundary Load priorities Load Growth Control method Control duration

8. Appliances Properties Load No Control On/off Partial Time Availability Hot water XXHour/ Min High Washing machine XXHour/ Min High Tumble dryerXXHour/ Min High DishwasherXX Hour/ Min High Fridge/ freezerXMin High Towel railsXX Min High Elec. Apps. (with chargers) XXMin High Lighting XXMin/ Sec High Elec. Apps. (heating) XXSec High Electric oven/ hob XXMin Medium Slow cookersXXMin Medium Elec. heatingXXMin Medium Air conditioningXXMin Medium Elec. blanketXXMin Medium Microwaves X Sec Medium Extractor fansXSec Low HairdryersXSec Low Elec. Apps. (instantaneous)X None EntertainmentX None

9. How to implement?

10. What the results we got so far? Before DSC After DSC

11. Results of Match Rate

12. Next Step… Refinement of CHP models (consider the by- product generation, two views); Refinement of DSC algorithm (control duration qualification for different individual appliances); Implement the DSC into CHP either as supply or as auxiliary device; Development of individual appliance models;

13. Thank you! Any questions?