1. Advanced Strike TACF-07 T45C
ADVANCED TACTICAL FORMATION FLYING

2. ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations Human Factors
Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week
R&I
IP Currency (SOP)
Warm Up Eligibility
Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items.
Human Factors
Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems
Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration)
Hazards and Controls
Routine
Weather
Current Observations and Forecasts
Crosswinds
Fuel Considerations
Mission Specific

3. ADMIN
QOD
NATOPS EP
SOP

4. Flight Brief Brief Practice a. QOD (NATOPS / EP / SOP)
b. Wingman deconfliction responsibilities
c. Pattern stall/recovery
Practice
a. Combat checks
b. Voice communications
c. Formation
d. Defensive Combat spread
e. Check turns
f. Shackle turns
g. Tactical turns
h. In-place turns
i. Random tactical formation maneuvering
j. Comm-out tactical formation flying
k. Gunsight tracking exercise
l. Offensive Combat Spread
m. Unknown airspeed rendezvous
n. Combat spread responsibilities
o. Situational awareness
p. Lead (if flown)
q. Touch and Go Landings (not graded)

5. Combat Spread What is it? How to get there
Check your heading, generate an airspeed advantage, and take a 10-15° cut away from the lead.

6. Maintaining Combat Spread
Priorities
1. Bearing Line
Airspeed dependent (may need to account for a 5 kt TAS difference with 1000’ of altitude difference)
2. Abeam distance
3. Altitude

7. Combat Spread Corrections
If Sucked
Wingman needs to accelerate via unload and power addition to reach bearing line.
If Acute
Wingman needs to decelerate. Different techniques available: 1) Climb to decelerate or 2)maintain altitude, take a cut away and then back into lead to slow downrange travel.
If wide or acute,
Wingman needs to fly toward or away as appropriate. Care should be given to add enough airspeed and not to turn too much, as doing so will trade the wingman’s wide or tight for a sucked position.

8. Check Turns Into Away Turn will make you acute.
Multiple techniques to fix position.
Big Picture: Slow your down range travel compared to lead, then fix your altitude and abeam distance.
Away
Turn will make you sucked.
Big Picture: Increase your down range travel compared to the lead (ie. lower your nose and increase your airspeed), then fix your altitude and abeam distance.

9. Tactical Turns Into Away Wait until looking down lead’s intakes.
Start a level 14 unit pull to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts.
Adjust timing of turn, amount of pull, and airspeed as necessary to come out of turn in position.
Away
Make adjustments to fix positioning.

10. Off Heading Tac Turns LEAD WING 60° Turns
WINGMAN
LATE TURN
WINGMAN STANDARD TURN
60° Turns
Wait until well after intakes on. Lead may be wings level before time to turn.
120° Turns
Turn much earlier than normal sight picture
WINGMAN
EARLY TURN
LEAD
WING

11. In-Place Turns Into Away
Make a level 14 unit turn for 180°, maintain 300 kts.
Corrections for sucked / acute start.
Away
Do NOT float the turn when belly up to lead!

12. Off Heading In Place Turns
150° Turn Into-
Different techniques available.
Pull less than 14 units( )
Or Delay pull, then 14 units
LEAD
WING

13. 150° Turn Away
-Pull harder. Still use 90° from final heading check point (probably still sucked and will need to continue stronger pull)-roll out on final and correct as necessary.
WING
LEAD

14. Shackle Turns
14 unit level turn into lead, putting the original heading on the 45° benchmark (or as appropriate to help fix your position).
Maintain 300 kts keeping altitude separation from lead.
Wait approx 2 sec then pull 14 units back to the original heading. (Corrections for sucked / acute.

15. Off Heading Shackle Turns
Turn to 45° past eventual heading.
If wingman’s turn is less than 45°, delay reversal.
If wingman’s turn is greater than 45°, then reverse upon reaching reversal heading.

16. Uncalled Tac Turns Uncalled Tac Turns are different from TACF 1-5.
An uncalled turn is a Tac or In-place turn.
If the turn is into the wingman, the turn is a tac turn.
If the turn is away from the wingman, the type of turn will depend on when lead turns. If lead turns right away, then the turn is an in-place turn. If lead does not turn immediately, then the turn is a tac turn.

17. Offensive Combat Spread
1.5nm Abeam
3000’ Above
Tac Turns-Turn slightly later than normal sight picture (Lead’s intakes on).
In place- No different from DCS
Shackle- Delay one second longer after merge to reverse

18. Weapons Envelope

19. Unknown Airspeed Rendezvous
Continue flying good Tacform until Fenced Out (Master Arm off with Gun deselected and the HUD back in the normal mode) and cleared to join by the lead.
When joining, make the rendezvous look like one that you have practiced before. Keep an altitude sanctuary until it is suit cased.
Lead will be setting the power and turning to put the RTB heading on the nose.
The join will be either a running rendezvous, CV rendezvous, or a combination.

20. COORDINATION BRIEF
All members of flight required to attend the rest of the brief

21. ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations Human Factors
Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week
R&I
IP Currency (SOP)
Warm Up Eligibility
Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items.
Human Factors
Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems
Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration)
Hazards and Controls
Routine
Weather
Current Observations and Forecasts
Crosswinds
Fuel Considerations
Mission Specific

22. TTO Who will call a TTO? What situations will the TTO be called?
Safety
Confusion / Misunderstanding
IP Responsibilities
Recognize need for TTO
Explanation / Instruction as necessary
Documentation on ATF
When and how will training resume?

23. ADMIN (card) A/C - ATC C/S - Tactical C/S - Crew
Brief / Walk / Marshal / Takeoff / Land Times
ATC Clearance / IFF
Area
Line / T/O / Abort / RPM
Comm Plan - Tac
Nav Plan
LCLS
Joker / Bingo

24. ADMIN Launch RTB Weather Preflight / Start / Marshal / Taxi T/O / Rdvs
Formation
Transit (Admin Cruise) / (ATC Spread)
RadAlt Usage
RTB
Form
Recovery
Diverts
NOTAM’s

25. Tac Admin Fence Checks Initiated by Wing Gunsight Tracking:
G’s and Fuel prior
Speed and Angels Comm
Knock It Off Comm / responsibilities

26. Conduct Press to Combat Spread G-Warm Check Turns Shackle Turns
Tac Turns
In-Place Turns
Comm-Out Tactical Formation Maneuvering
Random Tactical Maneuvering
Offensive Combat Spread
Gunsight Tracking
Lead (if flown)
Precautionary Approach

27. Emergencies Ground Emergencies Abort Rwy Dep / Gnd Ejection
Radio/ICS failure
Loss of Navaids
Lost Plane / Lost Sight
System Failures
Disorientation
Bird strike/ Midair
SAR procedures
Ejection
Aircrew Coordination
Underrun

28. Recap
Overall Flow
Questions

29. STANDARD DEBRIEFING FORMAT
The Flight Lead or Pilot-in-Command is responsible for ensuring all flight or crewmembers are thoroughly debriefed on the conduct of the mission utilizing the “S-P-B-E-MS-LL” format outlined below. (Refer to the CTW-1/CTW-2 Expanding Debriefing Guide for specific objectives).
Safety
Planning
Brief
Execution
Mission Success
Lessons Learned

30. G-WARM G-Warm Maneuver Lead climbs to be co-altitude with the wing.
Maneuver initiated when lead calls “C/S Accel for G-Warm”. Maneuver executed when wing responds “C/S Two”.
Unload until the VV is 12 degrees nose low.
At 350 KIAS, lead will call “C/S G-Warm Left (or Right)”. Maneuver executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Pull 4 G’s for 90 degrees of heading change.
Continue accelerating for 400 KIAS at which time the lead will call “C/S G-Warm Right (or Left)”. Once again, the maneuver is executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Make a level 6 G pull back to the original heading.

31. 2 Circle Fight Break Turn Evaluation Bubble / Post
Attack Window / Control Zone
Misaligned Turn Circles:
Target Airspeed KIAS
Let the geometry work for you, then pull for the shot.

32. HIGH AND LOW YO-YO High Yo-Yo (Lag Maneuver) Decreases Closure
Low Yo-Yo (Lead Maneuver)
Increases Closure

33. CZ relation to Guns WEZ
Note that the CZ and the Guns Envelope do not overlap. You cannot employ the gun from the CZ!!
No lead required for tracking shot, however you have a high risk of overshooting if closure is not under control.
Lead required for snapshot (pipper 1-2 plane lengths in front). Allows for quick shot and a lag back to safety of the CZ to maintain offensive position.
Control Zone
Snapshot Envelope
Tracking Envelope

34. Weapons Envelope

35. Control Zone ± 10° at 2000 ft ± 20° at 4500 ft
The goal of the fighter is to arrive in the control zone with range, angles, and closure under control. From there, he can maneuver to shoot the bandit.
Must have controlled entry into CZ with relative fuselage alignment. (No more than 20 degrees of misalignment in the front of the CZ and no more than 45 degrees of misalignment in the aft end)
Simply flying toward or into the CZ is not enough. The offensive fighter must have a controlled entry in the CZ in order to be effective. This means we must have some sort of fuselage allignment upon entering the CZ.

36. FENCE CHECKS Done after the G-Warm. Gunsight in the HUD (RTGS)
Box TACAN
Master Arm ON
Squeeze the trigger
Report “Fenced In”,
along with G’s and fuel.

37. HIGH AND LOW COVER High Cover Low Cover
Defined as stepped up and outside lead’s turn circle.
Low Cover
Defined as stepped down and inside lead’s turn circle. Wing shall at no time pass inside the 500’ bubble!

38. DISPLACEMENT ROLL
A displacement roll is beneficial when the lead’s reversal will put you on the inside of the lead’s turn and you do not have excessive distance to lose, primarily in high cover.
To perform, ease your turn so that you can pick the nose up. With the nose high, canopy roll away from the direction of the new turn to establish yourself on the outside of the new turn circle in high cover.

39. LOOSE DEUCE ROLE SWAP
Lead will tell wing of a malfunction and ask if he can engage.
Wing will engage from the low cover position, if not in position, tell lead to “Stand by” and move to low cover.
When ready to engage, tell lead to level his wings and get his nose up. When lead is clear of your flight path, direct him to turn back towards you and describe both your position and the position of the bandit to him. Define the roles of free and engaged fighter and continue to prosecute the bandit.
Lead will report high cover, when directed by the trunk IP, report your malfunction to the lead and ask him to engage. Follow his directions and move back to high cover.

40. ADMIN CRUISE Different from phase I cruise form
Flown on parade wingline bearing
Distance on bearing is about 3-4 plane lengths

41. ATC SPREAD
ATC Spread is flown while under instrument flight rules. (Usually used during prolonged transit time)
Wingman must maintain position in “Standard ATC Formation” (which dictates no more than 1nm of separation from lead)
Wingman must also match lead’s altitude and may not use variations in altitude to fix position.
ATC spread is not graded and simply a tool to allow the student more time flying on bearing at nm.