1. Excel It can store data and compute data with math method.

2. 1. Excel program Interface Excel program interface is similar to Word. It has the similar menus, toolbar, formatting toolbar, … Excel stores data with tables. We can call these tables the worksheet tabs. A worksheet consists of many cells. A cell can store a data that can be numbers, labels, formulas, math functions, date, pictures, … When you first run Excel, a workbook (an Excel file) includes three worksheets. Actually, a workbook can store 255 worksheets.

3. Workbook----- 工作簿 (gong zuo bu) A workbook can store 255 worksheets. Worksheet---- 工作表 (gong zuo biao) A worksheet can store 256X65536 cells. This means the column heading has 256 addresses, and the row heading has 65536 addresses. Cell---- 单元格 (dan yuan ge)

4. Formula Bar Worksheet, only one can be displayed. Row headingsColumn headings Click any cell, you can select a cell and enter a data to this cell, and Formula Bar can display the selected cell’s address (column, row)

5. Labels: text entries Numbers: computing values Formulas: entries that tell Excel to perform calculations. It can include a cell’s address. Math Functions: pre-designed formulas that perform relatively complex calculations with a single operator. Function( 函数, han shu)

6. 2. How to enter data To enter data, you first have to select a cell, click on it or use the arrow keys ( ). When you type data into the selected cell, the data you entered immediately appears on that cell. Numbers as Text: If you want your entering numbers to be treated like text, you have to precede your entry with a single quotation mark ( ’ ).

7. Numbers as text, active cell’s address is A6. It is string, not value.

8. Auto Fill Series data When you want to enter a list data (row, column) that may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,… 20. You can type several entries of the list, Select them, then drag the fill handle on the cells after which you want to add the remaining entries.

9. Fill handle( 句柄, ju bing)

11. 3. Doing math with Formulas (1) You can type a formula into a cell in which you want an answer to appear. (2) All formulas start with an equal sign. If you start with a letter, Excel thinks you’re typing a label. (3) Formulas can use cell addresses, operators, functions, and constant.

12. For example cell addresses: =b1+C2 =sum(a1:a10) means computing the sum values in cell a1 through a10. You can write the following: =sum(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10) Or =a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7+a8+a9+a10

13. Start with an equal sign type math operators between cell add. After “enter” key, the value of the formula appears on a7.

14. 4. Using functions SUM Functions are ready-made formulas that you can perform computing to a range of cell address values. For example, to determine the sum of a series of values in cells A1 through A6, you can enter the function “=sum(a1:a6)” instead of entering “=a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6”.

15. Sum function From this sign, you can open other functions.

16. Average function: Click the sign “ ”, open the pop-up menu, choose average ( 平均值 ) ， average function appears on A7. type “enter” key, the value displays on A7.

17. 5. How to input data from other files Excel can read data from other files. For example, Excel can read data from text file. The following is text file contents: The text file name is “ex.txt”.

18. Open “data” menu, choose “import data”, And choose “input data”.

19. Select the file you want to input.

25. 6. Doing statistics with EXCEL We have a group of data as the right table. The left column is the weight of 12 persons, the right column is the weight of them who have completed a physical training.

26. Does the physical training affect the two column average values of the Weight ? We cannot simply compute the two column average values. With two average values, we cannot think the physical training affects the weights of 12 persons. We must use statistics method--- T-test method.

27. (1) Select menu “tools”( 工具, gong ju), then click “ 数据分析 ”( data analysis, ) data analysis

28. (2)Select t-test, then click “ 确定 ”(que ding)

29. (3)Input data address and the result data area.

31. On the last page, The P value is 0.000603898, We think that the probability is 0.000603898(very small ) that two column average value of 12 persons is equal. So, the physical training affects the weights of 12 persons. But, We cannot determine that the affection is good or bad.