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3. Guidance Notes for Teachers Some indication of content and range at level 1 and 2 is shown on the next slide. Relevant slides show all the diagrams/questions/answers that are required. End slides have student question sheets and a teacher question/answer sheet. End slides have printable worksheets for students. Calculator symbols are suggestions only and could be removed depending on the group. * Each of the 44 questions appear individually on each slide followed by the answer when the teacher “clicks”. The questions are animated with a “Typewriter-like” animation. You can remove these animations if you wish so that as you move to new slides all question will be viewed at the same time. For those that are not sure how to remove the animations you should do the following: Choose slide show/custom animation/hold shift key down/click on each question/click on the remove button in the custom animation dialog box. ** Slides 13 to 16 contain the same graph. This graph takes up a lot of memory/processor power and you may experience a delay of up to 10 seconds (particularly with an older machine) when moving between these slides. If this happens please be patient! Don’t keep repeatedly clicking the mouse/pen or it will only add to the problems. Generic Advice: The preparation below is advisable in the majority of presentations. 1.Print off the teacher question and answer sheets/worksheets 2.Print off the student question sheets/worksheets 3.Run through the presentation yourself answering the questions 4.Decide how you are going to deliver the presentation. (a) Are you going to go through it from start to finish with the class, perhaps using it as an example/demonstration of functional maths and focusing on the development of the processing skills involved at each stage? (b) Are you going to use only part of the presentation? (c) Are you simply going to use the presentation to introduce the activity and let the class work on their own through the question sheets but refer to some of the elements/answers within the presentation when needed? 5.Remember the slides are editable so if you wish to introduce an open question/small investigation of your own then simply choose the relevant slide add/delete your own text (using a text box if needed).

4. Content and Skills Coverage and range: Level 1 Understand and use whole numbers and recognise negative numbers in practical contexts Add, subtract, multiply and divide using a range of mental methods Multiply and divide whole numbers by 10 and 100 using mental arithmetic Understand and use equivalences between common fractions, decimals and percentages Add and subtract decimal up to two decimal places Solve simple problems involving ratio, where one number is a multiple of the other Use simple formulae expressed in words for one- or two-step operations Solve problems requiring calculation with common measures including money, time, length, weight, capacity and temperature Convert units of measure in the same system Work out areas, perimeters and volumes in practical situations Construct models and draw shapes, measuring and drawing angles and identifying line symmetry Extract and interpret information from tables, diagrams, charts and graphs Collect and record discrete data and organise and represent information in different ways Find mean and range Use probability to show that some events are more likely to occur than others Understand outcomes, check calculations and explain results Understand and use positive and negative numbers of any size in practical contexts Carry out calculations with numbers of any size in practical contexts Understand, use and calculate ratio and proportion, including problems involving scale Understand and use equivalences between fractions, decimals and percentages Add and subtract fractions; add, subtract, multiply and divide decimals to a given number of decimal places Understand and use simple equations and simple formulae involving one- or two-step operations Recognise and use 2D representations of 3D objects. Find area, perimeter and volume of common shapes Use, convert and calculate using metric and, where appropriate, imperial measures Collect and represent discrete and continuous data, using ICT where appropriate Use and interpret statistical measures, tables and diagrams, for discrete and continuous data using ICT where appropriate Use statistical methods to investigate situations Use a numerical scale from 0 to 1 to express and compare probabilities Title: The Humber Bridge: Content and skills covered Coverage and range: Level 2 At least 1 from each area

5. History The Humber Bridge was opened officially by H.M. Queen Elizabeth II on 17 th July 1981, nine years after construction work began. It was the longest single-span suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening. The bridge spans the river Humber and links the communities of Lincolnshire on the South bank and Hull and East Riding on the North bank. The continuing toll is controversial and many people have fought for years to have it scrapped. Cyclists and pedestrians may cross it for free. It was funded by a Government loan. The original estimate of £28 000 000 grew rapidly to £98 000 000 as a result of high price inflation during the construction period and delays caused by ground conditions, labour relations difficulties and adverse weather. By the time the bridge opened, loan charges had already brought the bridge debt up to £151m. In 1998 the Government re-financed the costs so that it should be paid off by 2032. The current debt (2008) stands at over £300 000 000.

6. Facts/Figures Length of main span1410 m Length between anchorages 2220 m Deck width including footpaths28.5 m Clearance above high water30 m Tower height above piers155.5 m *Q 4. What is the length of the main span in kilometres? Q 5. Calculate the length of the main span in miles? (2 d.p) *Q 3. What is the height of both towers taken together? 311 m *Q 1. What distance is 1/10 of the main span?141 m *Q 2. What distance is 1/100 of the distance between anchorages? 22.2 m 1.41 km 0.88 miles *Q 6. Could a ship with a mast 95 ft above high water sail underneath? Use the approximation of 1m = 1.1 yards. Yes by about 4 feet * *Q 7. State the tower height to 2 significant figures. 160 m

7. Total weight of concrete480 000 tonnes Weight of steel in deck16 500 tonnes Weight of steel in main cables11 000 tonnes * *Q 8. The concrete weighs more than ½ million tonnes (True or False)False *Q 9. What is the total weight of steel in the deck and cables?27 500 tonnes *Q 10. What is the weight of steel in the deck in kilograms?16 500 000 kg *Q 11. Give a rough estimate for the ratio of steel in deck : concrete.1 : 30

8. Top 10 NameCountrySpanOpened Akashi KaikyoJapan19911998 Xihoumen BridgeChina16502008 Great BeltDenmark16241998 RunyangChina14902005 HumberEngland14101981 Jiangyin JiangsuChina13851999 Tsing MaHong Kong13771997 Verrazano NarrowsUSA12981964 Golden GateUSA12801937 YangluoChina12802007 The World’s Top 10 Longest Suspension Bridges *Q 12. What (a) fraction (b) percentage of these bridges are in China? 40% *Q 13. What fraction are in the USA? (simplest form). 2/5 1/5 *

9. NameCountrySpanOpened Akashi KaikyoJapan19911998 Xihoumen BridgeChina16502008 Great BeltDenmark16241998 RunyangChina14902005 HumberEngland14101981 Jiangyin JiangsuChina13851999 Tsing MaHong Kong13771997 Verrazano NarrowsUSA12981964 Golden GateUSA12801937 YangluoChina12802007 The World’s Top 10 Longest Suspension Bridges *Q 14. How long has the Golden Gate bridge been open? (2008 now)71 years *Q 15. Write down the modal span of these bridges.1280 m *

10. NameCountrySpanOpened Akashi KaikyoJapan19911998 Xihoumen BridgeChina16502008 Great BeltDenmark16241998 RunyangChina14902005 HumberEngland14101981 Jiangyin JiangsuChina13851999 Tsing MaHong Kong13771997 Verrazano NarrowsUSA12981964 Golden GateUSA12801937 YangluoChina12802007 The World’s Top 10 Longest Suspension Bridges *Q 16. Determine the range of the spans.711 m Q 17. Calculate the mean of the spans to 2 significant figures.1500 m *

11. Toll Costs ClassVehicle Details Single Crossing Discounted book of 20 tickets 1Motor Cycles with or without sidecar£1.20£21.60 2 Cars and Goods vehicles weight < 3.5 tonnes and Motor Caravans £2.70£48.60 3 Goods vehicles: 3.5 < w ≤ 7.5 tonnes. Small buses (9 –16 passengers) £4.90£88.20 4 HGV : weight > 7.5 tonnes with 2 axles. Large buses (17 or more passengers) £10.90£196.20 5HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 3 axles£14.60£262.80 6HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 4 axles or 4+£18.30£329.40 Toll Costs *Q 18. What is the cost of a return crossing for a car?£5.40 *Q 19. Find the cost of one crossing for a bus carrying 20 passengers?£10.90 * *Q 20. How many crossings could a motor cyclist make for £20?16

12. ClassVehicle Details Single Crossing Discounted book of 20 tickets 1Motor Cycles with or without sidecar£1.20£21.60 2 Cars and Goods vehicles weight < 3.5 tonnes and Motor Caravans £2.70£48.60 3 Goods vehicles: 3.5 < w ≤ 7.5 tonnes. Small buses (9 –16 passengers) £4.90£88.20 4 HGV : weight > 7.5 tonnes with 2 axles. Large buses (17 or more passengers) £10.90£196.20 5HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 3 axles£14.60£262.80 6HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 4 axles or 4+£18.30£329.40 Toll Costs *Q 21. What is the cost of 10 return crossings for a HGV with 3 axles?£292 *Q 22. How much would 5 cars and 2 motor bikes pay to cross?£15.90 * *Q 23. A class 6 HGV makes 5 return trips. What is the cost?£183

13. ClassVehicle Details Single Crossing Discounted book of 20 tickets 1Motor Cycles with or without sidecar£1.20£21.60 2 Cars and Goods vehicles weight < 3.5 tonnes and Motor Caravans £2.70£48.60 3 Goods vehicles: 3.5 < w ≤ 7.5 tonnes. Small buses (9 –16 passengers) £4.90£88.20 4 HGV : weight > 7.5 tonnes with 2 axles. Large buses (17 or more passengers) £10.90£196.20 5HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 3 axles£14.60£262.80 6HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 4 axles or 4+£18.30£329.40 Toll Costs *Q 24. Find the price difference between a tanker lorry and a small bus. £9.70 *Q 25. Find the % saving for a car driver who buys a book of 20 tickets. 10% * *Q 26. Do all vehicles get the same % saving? Yes Tanker

14. Daily Crossings 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 £1.20 £4.90 £10.90 £14.60 £18.30 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day *Q 27. Find the number of vehicles crossing during the day in each class. 180 460 650 520 720 *Q 28. What was the toll fees paid by motor cyclists?£216 *

15. *Q 29. What is the ratio of Class 6 : Class 1 vehicles crossing the bridge.4 : 1 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 £1.20 £4.90 £10.90 £14.60 £18.30 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day 180 460 650 520 720 *Q 30. What is the ratio of Class 5 : Class 4 vehicles crossing the bridge.4 : 5 *

16. Q 32. Calculate the total amount of money taken in tolls. (Car toll £2.70) £72 173 *Q 31. 15 500 cars crossed this day. How many vehicles crossed in total? 18 030 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 £1.20 £4.90 £10.90 £14.60 £18.30 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day 180 460 650 520 720 *

17. Q 33 What percentage of the 18 030 vehicles were cars? (1 d.p.) 86.0% 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 £1.20 £4.90 £10.90 £14.60 £18.30 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day 180 460 650 520 720 15 500 cars Q 34 What percentage of the vehicles were class 6 vehicles? (1 d.p.) 4.0% *

18. *Q 35. ¾ of class 5 vehicles crossed from the South bank. How many is this? 390 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 £1.20 £4.90 £10.90 £14.60 £18.30 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day 180 460 650 520 720 15 500 cars *Q 36. 30 percent of class 4 vehicles crossed from the North. How many is this? 195 *

19. Annual Stats Class/Year01/0203/0405/0607/08 170217709896414062330 25074899539174354864385702543 3157144164571161362155001 4130969121891120148114462 531915280682567826706 6259485262180274246272366 Exempt229445266089290818296887 Total5954074630553164228306630295 Annual Statistics Data on vehicle crossings of the Humber Bridge (in alternate financial years) since 2001. Reference Humber Bridge Board *Q 37 Describe the trend in motor cycle crossings. Downward trend *Q 38 Describe the trend in motor car crossings. Upward trend *

20. Class/Year01/0203/0405/0607/08 170217709896414062330 25074899539174354864385702543 3157144164571161362155001 4130969121891120148114462 531915280682567826706 6259485262180274246272366 Exempt229445266089290818296887 Total5954074630553164228306630295 Annual Statistics Data on vehicle crossings of the Humber Bridge (in alternate financial years) since 2001. Reference Humber Bridge Board Q 39 Which class of vehicles show least change in 07/08 compared to 01/02? Class 3 *Q 40 Describe the trend in total vehicle crossings over the period. Upward trend *

21. Class/Year01/0203/0405/0607/08 170217709896414062330 25074899539174354864385702543 3157144164571161362155001 4130969121891120148114462 531915280682567826706 6259485262180274246272366 Exempt229445266089290818296887 Total5954074630553164228306630295 Annual Statistics Data on vehicle crossings of the Humber Bridge (in alternate financial years) since 2001. Reference Humber Bridge Board Q 41 What percentage of class 6 vehicles crossed in 01/02 (1. d.p.) 4.4% Q 42 A higher % of class 6 vehicles crossed in 07/08. (True or False?) False=4.1% *

22. Class/Year01/0203/0405/0607/08 170217709896414062330 25074899539174354864385702543 3157144164571161362155001 4130969121891120148114462 531915280682567826706 6259485262180274246272366 Exempt229445266089290818296887 Total5954074630553164228306630295 Annual Statistics Data on vehicle crossings of the Humber Bridge (in alternate financial years) since 2001. Reference Humber Bridge Board Q 43 Find the percentage increase in class 2 vehicles over the period. (1 d.p.) 12.4% Q 44 Discuss factors that may have influenced various trends over the years. *

23. Teachers Q + A *Q 4. What is the length of the main span in kilometres? Q 5. Calculate the length of the main span in miles? (2 d.p) *Q 3. What is the height of both towers taken together? 311 m *Q 1. What distance is 1/10 of the main span? 141 m *Q 2. What distance is 1/100 of the distance between anchorages? 22.2 m 1.41 km 0.88 miles *Q 6. Could a ship with a mast 95 ft above high water sail underneath? Use the approximation of 1m = 1.1 yards. Yes by about 4 feet *Q 8. The concrete weighs more than ½ million tonnes (True or False) False *Q 9. What is the total weight of steel in the deck and cables? 27 500 tonnes *Q 10. What is the weight of steel in the deck in kilograms? 16 500 000 kg *Q 11. Give a rough estimate for the ratio of steel in deck : concrete. 1 : 30 Questions and Answers Teacher *Q 12. What (a) fraction (b) percentage of these bridges are in China? 40% *Q 13. What fraction are in the USA? (simplest form). 2/5 1/5 *Q 14. How long has the Golden Gate bridge been open? (2008 now) 71 years *Q 15. Write down the modal span of these bridges. 1280 m *Q 16. Determine the range of the spans. 711 m Q 17. Calculate the mean of the spans to 2 significant figures. 1500 m *Q 18. What is the cost of a return crossing for a car? £5.40 *Q 19. Find the cost of one crossing for a bus carrying 20 passengers? £10.90 *Q 20. How many crossings could a motor cyclist make for £20? 16 *Q 7. State the tower height to 2 significant figures. 160 m Slides 5/6 Slides 7-9 * Slides 10-12

24. *Q 21. What is the cost of 10 return crossings for a HGV with 3 axles? £292 *Q 22. How much would 5 cars and 2 motor bikes pay to cross? £15.90 *Q 23. A class 6 HGV makes 5 return trips. What is the cost? £183 *Q 24. Find the price difference between a tanker lorry and a small bus. £9.70 *Q 25. Find the % saving for a car driver who buys a book of 20 tickets. 10% *Q 26. Do all vehicles get the same % saving? Yes *Q 27. Find the number of vehicles crossing during the day in each class. *Q 28. What was the toll fees paid by motor cyclists? £216 *Q 29. What is the ratio of Class 6 : Class 1 vehicles crossing the bridge. 4 : 1 *Q 30. What is the ratio of Class 5 : Class 4 vehicles crossing the bridge. 4 : 5 Q 32. Calculate the total amount of money taken in tolls. (Car toll £2.70) *Q 31. 15 500 cars crossed this day. How many vehicles crossed in total? 18 030 Q 33. What percentage of the 18 030 vehicles were cars? (1 d.p.) 86.0% Q 34. What percentage of the vehicles were class 6 vehicles? (1 d.p.) 4.0% *Q 35. ¾ of class 5 vehicles crossed from the South bank. How many is this? 390 *Q 36. 30 percent of class 4 vehicles crossed from the North. How many is this? 195 £72 173 180/460/650/520/720 *Q 37. Describe the trend in motor cycle crossings. Downward trend *Q 38. Describe the trend in motor car crossings. Q 39. Which class of vehicles show least change in 07/08 compared to 01/02? *Q 40. Describe the trend in total vehicle crossings over the period. Upward trend Class 3 Upward trend *Q 41. What percentage of class 6 vehicles crossed in 01/02 (1. d.p.) 4.4% *Q 42. A higher % of class 6 vehicles crossed in 07/08. (True or False?) False = 4.1% *Q 43. Find the percentage increase in class 2 vehicles over the period. (1 d.p.) Q 44. Discuss factors that may have influenced various trends over the years. 12.4% Slides 10-12 Slides 13-17 Slides 18-21

25. Student Q Sheet Slides 5/6 Slides 7-9 *Q 4. What is the length of the main span in kilometres? Q 5. Calculate the length of the main span in miles? (2 d.p) *Q 3. What is the height of both towers taken together? *Q 1. What distance is 1/10 of the main span? *Q 2. What distance is 1/100 of the distance between anchorages? *Q 6. Could a ship with a mast 95 ft above high water sail underneath? Use the approximation of 1m = 1.1 yards. *Q 8. The concrete weighs more than ½ million tonnes (True or False) *Q 9. What is the total weight of steel in the deck and cables? *Q 10. What is the weight of steel in the deck in kilograms? *Q 11. Give a rough estimate for the ratio of steel in deck : concrete. Questions and Answers Student *Q 12. What (a) fraction (b) percentage of these bridges are in China? *Q 13. What fraction are in the USA? (simplest form). *Q 14. How long has the Golden Gate bridge been open? (2008 now) *Q 15. Write down the modal span of these bridges. *Q 16. Determine the range of the spans. Q 17. Calculate the mean of the spans to 2 significant figures. *Q 18. What is the cost of a return crossing for a car? *Q 19. Find the cost of one crossing for a bus carrying 20 passengers? *Q 20. How many crossings could a motor cyclist make for £20? *Q 7. State the tower height to 2 significant figures. * Slides 10-12

26. *Q 21. What is the cost of 10 return crossings for a HGV with 3 axles? *Q 22. How much would 5 cars and 2 motor bikes pay to cross? *Q 23. A class 6 HGV makes 5 return trips. What is the cost? *Q 24. Find the price difference between a tanker lorry and a small bus. *Q 25. Find the % saving for a car driver who buys a book of 20 tickets. *Q 26. Do all vehicles get the same % saving? *Q 27. Find the number of vehicles crossing during the day in each class. *Q 28. What was the toll fees paid by motor cyclists? *Q 29. What is the ratio of Class 6 : Class 1 vehicles crossing the bridge. *Q 30. What is the ratio of Class 5 : Class 4 vehicles crossing the bridge. Q 32. Calculate the total amount of money taken in tolls. (Car toll £2.70) *Q 31. 15 500 cars crossed this day. How many vehicles crossed in total? Q 33. What percentage of the 18 030 vehicles were cars? (1 d.p.) Q 34. What percentage of the vehicles were class 6 vehicles? (1 d.p.) *Q 35. ¾ of class 5 vehicles crossed from the South bank. How many is this? *Q 36. 30 percent of class 4 vehicles crossed from the North. How many is this? *Q 37. Describe the trend in motor cycle crossings. *Q 38. Describe the trend in motor car crossings. Q 39. Which class of vehicles show least change in 07/08 compared to 01/02? *Q 40. Describe the trend in total vehicle crossings over the period. *Q 41. What percentage of class 6 vehicles crossed in 01/02 (1. d.p.) *Q 42. A higher % of class 6 vehicles crossed in 07/08. (True or False?) *Q 43. Find the percentage increase in class 2 vehicles over the period. (1 d.p.) Q 44. Discuss factors that may have influenced various trends over the years. Slides 10-12 Slides 13-17 Slides 18-21

27. Worksheet 1 Length of main span1410 m Length between anchorages2220 m Tower height above piers155.5 m Total weight of concrete480 000 tonnes Weight of steel in deck16 500 tonnes Weight of steel in main cables11 000 tonnes Deck width including footpaths28.5 m Clearance above high water30 m NameCountrySpanOpened Akashi KaikyoJapan19911998 Xihoumen BridgeChina16502008 Great BeltDenmark16241998 RunyangChina14902005 HumberEngland14101981 Jiangyin JiangsuChina13851999 Tsing MaHong Kong13771997 Verrazano NarrowsUSA12981964 Golden GateUSA12801937 YangluoChina12802007 Facts and Figures World’s Top 10 Suspension Bridges

28. Worksheet 2 ClassVehicle Details Single Crossing Discounted book of 20 tickets 1Motor Cycles with or without sidecar£1.20£21.60 2 Cars and Goods vehicles weight < 3.5 tonnes and Motor Caravans £2.70£48.60 3 Goods vehicles: 3.5 < w ≤ 7.5 tonnes. Small buses (9 –16 passengers) £4.90£88.20 4 HGV : weight > 7.5 tonnes with 2 axles. Large buses (17 or more passengers) £10.90£196.20 5HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 3 axles£14.60£262.80 6HGV: weight > 7.5 tonnes with 4 axles or 4+£18.30£329.40 Toll Costs

29. Worksheet 3 246810 (Hundreds) Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Vehicles crossing (except cars) in a single day Daily Crossings

30. Worksheet 4 Class/Year01/0203/0405/0607/08 170217709896414062330 25074899539174354864385702543 3157144164571161362155001 4130969121891120148114462 531915280682567826706 6259485262180274246272366 Exempt229445266089290818296887 Total5954074630553164228306630295 Annual Statistics Data on vehicle crossings of the Humber Bridge (in alternate financial years) since 2001. Reference Humber Bridge Board