1. African Colonial Independence

2. Pan Africanism African unity arising from African nationalism moved some nations to become independent from European control in the 1960s. Flag Red- African Blood Black – color of African skin Green – land of Africa

3. Get Up, Stand Up Bob Marley Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight! Preacher man, don't tell me, Heaven is under the earth. I know you don't know What life is really worth. It's not all that glitters is gold; 'Alf the story has never been told: So now you see the light, eh! Stand up for your rights. come on! Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight! Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight! Most people think, Great god will come from the skies, Take away everything And make everybody feel high. But if you know what life is worth, You will look for yours on earth: And now you see the light, You stand up for your rights. jah! Get up, stand up! (jah, jah! ) Stand up for your rights! (oh-hoo! ) Get up, stand up! (get up, stand up! ) Don't give up the fight! (life is your right! ) Get up, stand up! (so we can't give up the fight! ) Stand up for your rights! (lord, lord! ) Get up, stand up! (keep on struggling on! ) Don't give up the fight! (yeah! ) We sick an' tired of-a your ism-skism game - Dyin' 'n' goin' to heaven in-a Jesus' name, lord. We know when we understand: Almighty god is a living man. You can fool some people sometimes, But you can't fool all the people all the time. So now we see the light (what you gonna do?), We gonna stand up for our rights! (yeah, yeah, yeah! ) So you better: Get up, stand up! (in the morning! git it up! ) Stand up for your rights! (stand up for our rights! ) Get up, stand up! Don't give up the fight! (don't give it up, don't give it up! ) Get up, stand up! (get up, stand up! ) Stand up for your rights! (get up, stand up! ) Get up, stand up! (... ) Don't give up the fight! (get up, stand up! ) Get up, stand up! (... ) Stand up for your rights! Get up, stand up! Don't give up the fight! /fadeout/ More lyrics: http://www.lyricsfreak.com/b/bob+marley/#share

4. Kwame Nkurmah The leader of an independence movement in the western African country of Ghana during the late 1950s from British colonial rule. He promoted the idea of a powerful united Africa (Pan- Africanism). Initially westernizing his nation, he later moved toward personal dictatorship and supported Soviet-style communism.

5. Jomo Kenyatta Leader of the independence movement in the northeast African country of Kenya from British rule. He served as Kenya's first President between 1964- 1978; considered a fair and benevolent leader who set up a democratic government.

6. Kenneth Kaunda leader of Zambia's independence movement. Was elected president in 1960 after being released from prison Helped gain independence in 1964

7. Bob Marley Jamaican musician Wrote many songs outlining the struggles for Jamaicans and Africans Supporter of African Independence and Pan- Africanism

8. Ethnic and Tribal Conflicts Examples Civil war in Nigeria from 1967 to 1970: economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of Nigeria 60 million people 300 different ethic/ cultural groups. 1 million + deaths. Sudan in the 1980’s: 2 million have died and 4 million displaced. Civil war stemmed from control of oil fields and religious rivalries. Massacres in Rwanda in the 1990’s: in 100 days 500,000 to 1,000,000 people were massacred (20% of the population). Hutu killed Tutsis in an attempt to gain power. After African Nations became independent from the European Colonial powers they struggled too create their own governments. These tensions created many civil wars between ethnic groups all over Africa.

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kQSg0z6 vEA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kQSg0z6 vEA Lost boys

10. AIDS 22.5 million people are living with HIV Sub- Saharan Africa 2/3 of the global total. In 2009 1.3 million people died of AIDS and 1.8 became infected 14.8 million children have lost one or both parents

11. Environmental Issues Deforestation Drought Air Pollution Water Pollution

12. Current Political Unrest http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/25/mideast.africa.unrest/index.h tml