1.  Populations: ◦ Animal Models:  advantages: disadvantages:

3.  populations with injuries or disease  normal populations

4.  History: ◦ phrenology:

6.  Assessment of Structure vs Function

7.  CT or Cat Scan

8. CT Scan

9.  CT or Cat Scan ◦ 3 D xrays

12.  CT or Cat Scan  MRI's

13. magnetic resonance imaging

16. CT MRI

17.  EEG - electroencephalogram

20.  EEG – electroencephalogram ◦ ERPs – evoked related potentials

22.  PET scans ◦ rCBF – regional cerebral blood flow  Premise – more blood flow means more (neuronal) activity

23.  PET scans ◦ rCBF ◦ 2DG – 2 deoxyglucose  Premise – need for more sugar – need for more energy – more (neuronal) activity

24.  PET scans ◦ rCBG ◦ 2DG

27.  fMRIs

29.  Histological analysis  Lesion studies ◦ Rationale – if an area is damaged and behavior changes….. the neurons in that area play a role?

30.  Electrical stimulation ◦ Rationale: if we stimulate an area and we produce or stop a particular behavior….the neurons in that region are important for that behavior

31. Delgado’s classic experiment

32.  Electrical stimulation  Pharmacological manipulations ◦ Use of drugs and various agents

33.  Microdialysis- looks at the amount of neurotransmitter released in a region of the brain….