1. United States annexed Texas Mexico and United States at odds over boundary General Zachary Taylor was sent to Rio Grande April 24 Mexican army crossed the river When Ended War - Added 500,000 square miles to the size of America California, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona and parts of Colorado Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo ended this conflict? 1840’s they reached speeds of 20-30 mph Very unsafe /Used to transport people and supplies Boom – across America Link American cities and coast to coast Enormous boost to American economy / Steele industry growth Removed impurities from steel Invented the telegraph which will lead to intercontinental cable Mass movement of people to California Started in 1848 and by 1850 California had enough people to become a state. What caused this? 1840’s –1860’s – 4.2 million Most from ____ potato famine Poor, disease ridded, catholic Most to the cities to fill needed factory jobs Tenements and ghettos 1831 –_____and other slaves rose up against their masters About 60 whites killed The rebellion was stopped Slave owners had to make sure this would not happen again Conditions became harsher Southerners looked at abolitionist as a direct attack on their way of life Southerners feared their own slaves and possible attacks from the north Cotton gin made separating the seeds from the cotton a cheaper process Westward expansion opened more areas to growing cotton Most cotton went to Great Britain Southerners said “_____” Felt cotton was responsible for the good economy of America

2. Mexican American war Railroads Bessemer ProcessSamuel MorseGold Rush IrelandNat TurnerCotton is King

3. Winner of the election of 1844 God supported American expansion "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" =What territory? founder of the Mormon Church Gained independence from Spain 1821 Republic of ___ included (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado) He attracted others to settle in Texas Friction developed between Mexican government and settlers Many in Texas refused to free their slaves Soon Mexico stopped further immigration ____ was arrested and jailed 1835 Texans revolted Santa Anna sent troops to put down the revolution Alamo, Goliad, etc Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto River Independence March 2, 1836 Religious sect founded in America Joseph Smith was the founder Established communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837 / Persecuted Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt Lake Polygamy practiced (more than one spouse) Americans were willing to go to war over the ____Territory 1845-1846 United States and England avoided war President Polk let Congress decide on the agreement (boundary)

4. OregonManifest Destiny Joseph SmithMexicoStephen F. Austin Texas Independence Mormons Oregon James K. Polk

5. Harriet Beecher Stowe – never owned slaves Showed the villain Simon Legree Also showed that slaves were people with deep feeling Showed the evils of slavery Sold millions of copies and became a stage show throughout the world Readers around the world turned against slavery 1800 Virginia slave rose against his masters Marched to Richmond Storm dispersed his army and he was defeated Freedoms Journal & North Star / Black newspapers Preached liberation ____– “Appeal … to the colored people of the world” Denounced slavery Called for blacks to revolt against the whites Underground Railroad Helped escaped slaved get to Free states and later to Canada People could vote for or against slavery Also called Squatters Sovereignty California – Free State People of Utah and New Mexico territories would decide for themselves to allow slavery Congress abolished the sale of slaves on Washington D.C. Slavery itself would remain legal in Washington D.C. New fugitive slave law Took the Mormons to Utah hero of San JacintoEarly 1800’s Irish immigrants settled

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Gabriel Prosser Harriet TubmanPopular SovereigntyCompromise of 1850 Brigham Young Sam Houston Northeast David Walker

7. 1800’s this had the greatest impact on the economy and settlement most prominent free African Americans in the United States in 1860 foundation of the African American culture leading southern anti-slavery author The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton, Virginia, was

8. Religion Frederick Douglass Hinton R. HelperNat Turner Railroads