1. Hydrology and Environment © The Structural Harmony Chart of Hydrosphere as the controlling tool in the environmental modeling Rimma Vedom Hydrology and Environment 43 rd Central Canadian Symposium on Water Quality Research

2. Hydrology and Environment © What is the Structural Harmony Chart of Hydrosphere (SHC)? The Structural Harmony Chart of Hydrosphere is the graphical distribution of energy between all hydrospheric elements and parameters characterizing the entirety of hydrosphere and uniqueness of its structure at any particular place (www.hydrology.ca/hydenvir.pdf)www.hydrology.ca/hydenvir.pdf Base curve shape characterizes the interface between atmospheric and ground waters Moderate curve shape indicates the stress on the area examined Extreme curve shape characterizes the strain on the area

3. Hydrology and Environment © Objectives of this presentation To apply main features in modeling and the EA: Each place depending on its geo-bio-chemical conditions has its own Structural Harmony Chart The qualitative and quantitative charts coincide Upper Humber R. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0123 Kazan R 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 012 Etobicoke Cr. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.71.21.72.2 Finley R. 0.00 0.50 1.00 -0.500.511.522.5

4. Hydrology and Environment © What data to use? Neighboring watersheds and subwatersheds with common meteorological stations and same qualitative parameters to see the similarities and differences of the common space –Canadian watersheds and parameters: Etobicoke Cr.(70%), Credit R. (20%), Mimico Cr.(100%) – chlorides and heavy metals Pristine watershed with the same qualitative parameters to establish the benchmark for the anthropogenic impact assessment –Estonian pristine watershed: Tooma Station – chlorides Area covered by stormwater system

5. Hydrology and Environment © Ct = (Qb*Cb + Qi*Ci + Qs*Cs)/Qt Ct = (Qb*Cb + Qi*Ci)/Qt Ct = Cb Ct, Qt - Total flow concentration and discharge Cb, Qb - Baseflow concentration and discharge Ci, Qi - Interflow concentration and discharge Cs, Qs- Extreme flow concentration and discharge How to do that? To use the Separated Flow Approach (SFA) (www.hydrology.ca/hm_web.pdf) enhanced by the Structural Harmony Chart 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Qt = Qb + Qi + Qs Qt = Qb + Qi Qt = Qb Involvement of SHC has two steps: - to assess Ki for Qi and Qs estimation using “quantitative” data; - to check that the obtained total concentrations Ct and loads meet the same structural requirements

6. Hydrology and Environment © The set of “quantitative” hydro-meteorological data for the Credit R. subwatershed at Boston Mills (1990-93) used for SHC creation ParameterdQbKiBaseInterExtreme Watershed Temperature 1.21-0.20.740.060.20 Temperature at Orangeville1.49-0.30.780.050.18 Temperature at Hillsburgh1.69-0.30.820.040.14 Watershed Snow0.50.30.530.190.34 Snow at Orangeville0.80.10.610.130.30 Snow at Hillsburgh0.940.10.620.120.29 Watershed Precipitation0.32.20.050.180.77 Precipitation at Orangeville0.342.20.050.180.76 Precipitation at Hillsburgh0.13.50.020.150.83 Flow at Boston Mills0.1281.60.170.150.68 Flow at Cataract0.0751.60.180.160.66 Flow at Orangeville0.0131.90.140.130.73 W. branch flow at Erin0.0161.70.160.150.68 Traces of precipitation are estimated prior the processing

7. Hydrology and Environment © The quantitative SHCs (1990-93) Mimico Cr., 1990-93 0.00 0.50 1.00 00.511.522.533.54 Etobicoke Cr. at Brampton 0.00 0.50 1.00 00.511.522.53 3.5 Etobicoke Cr. at QEW 0.00 0.50 1.00 00.511.522.533.54 Credit R. at Boston Mills 0.00 0.50 1.00 -0.500.511.522.533.54 Credit R. at Erindale 0.0 0.5 1.0 0 12 3

8. Hydrology and Environment © Results of daily concentrations assessments StreamParameter Average concentrations for the 1990-93, mg/L r BaseInterStormTotal Linnussaare Str.chlorides3.080.091.232.880.55 Etobicoke Cr. At QEWchlorides4615742904500.7 “arsenic0.0010.00110.00120.0010.34 “cadmium0.00020.00060.0260.00040.93 “chromium0.00280.00790.01610.00320.83 “copper0.00440.01410.02530.00610.94 “lead0.00520.00460.03270.00680.97 Etobicoke at Bramptomarsenic0.00110.00120.00080.00110.51 “cadmium0.00010.00050.00030.00010.7 “chromium0.00090.00130.00220.00110.71 “copper0.00190.00550.00260.00270.91 “lead0.00520.00480.00410.0050.49 Mimico Cr. At QEWcopper0.00430.00990.02240.00620.83 Credit R. at Boston Millsarsenic0.0011 0.00070.00110 “copper0.00130.00430.00540.00150.67 Credit R. at Erindalearsenic0.0010.00160.00070.0010.24 “cadmium0.00020.00220.00050.00020.45 “chromium0.00120.02090.020.00280.32 “copper0.00310.0220.0240.00490.73 “lead0.0050.00560.00670.00520.47

9. Hydrology and Environment © Impact and risk assessment StreamParameter Concentration, mg/LImpact, %Risk of exposure, % CriterionALBaseInterStormTotalMAKAL Etobicoke Cr. at QEW Chlorides10 4812150221079873862199 arsenic0.0010.0050190157911200 cadmium0.00010.00001713132971545513570100 chromium0.0050.01-497219505900.1 copper0.010.004-54555415202044 lead0.0050.00761971525470058 Etobicoke at Brampton arsenic0.0010.0054253120713400 cadmium0.00010.000017414631022510100 chromium0.0050.01-81-16354-1800 copper0.010.004-7920945-16011 lead0.0050.007918311341190.12 Mimico Cr. At QEW copper0.010.004-561422582165056 Credit R. at Boston Mills arsenic0.0010.00532759943200 copper0.010.004-87-65353-7803 Credit R. at Erindale arsenic0.0010.00502126974300 cadmium0.00010.0000179595345473410100 chromium0.0050.01-7823320553407 copper0.010.004-7112199325040 lead0.0050.007015611185900

10. Hydrology and Environment © Etobicoke Cr., 1990-93 (Canada) 0.0 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Linnussaare Str., 1984-90 (Estonia) 0 0.5 1 -0.500.511.522.533.54 Structural divider Ki Cl Contribution of pollution to the hydrosphere destabilization Loads of chemicals: Lead 4, Cadmium 4, Mercury 3.8, Copper 3.8, Chromium 3.3

11. Hydrology and Environment © Conclusions SHC of Hydrosphere is an indicator of hydrosphere entirety and uniqueness at any point it is a very efficient tool for EA providing –the benchmark and –criteria for the anthropogenic impact to the stability of hydrosphere (read Climate) It has to be investigated and used!

12. Hydrology and Environment © Thanks for your attention! I’ll be happy to answer your questions!