1. Digestive System
In Class Notes:

2. Functions
The digestive system breaks down food for nutrients and energy.
The food is taken through the mouth and then is broken down into small molecules that are converted to energy.

3. Four Stages of Food Processing
Ingestion-Act of eating or drinking
Digestion-Process of breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
Absorption-Cells take up the small molecules.
Elimination-Undigested material passes out of the body as waste.

4. Two Types of Digestion
Mechanical Digestion-Chewing that chops and grinds food into small pieces.
Chemical Digestion-Breaks the chemical bonds of large molecules that make up food.

5. Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth: Were digestive system starts
Throat: passageway that connects the mouth and the esophagus
Esophagus: food passes through it to get to the stomach
Stomach: Breaks down food into nutrients
Small Intestine: help absorb the nutrients from the 'food' into the bloodstream

6. Organs Continued
Large Intestine: absorb the remaining water from indigestible food matter
Rectum: temporary storage facility for feces (waste)
Anus: Feces (non-liquid waste products) are expelled from the body through the anus

7. Pictures

8. Sequence of digestion:
Ingestion - teeth, tongue, saliva, esophagus (with the help of peristalsis)
Digestion - stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Absorption - small/large intestines
Elimination - rectum, anus,

9. Nutrition: (29.3) Carbohydrates Water Lipids Vitamins Minerals
Surgars for energy, used by body often
Water
Used in cellular respiration for breaking bonds in sugars
Lipids
Stores more energy than Carbs or proteins. Used by body less often however
Vitamins
Organic molecules used by body paired with enzymes to carry out functions such as growth, repairs, ect…
Fat soluble
Stored by the body
Water soluble
Cannot be stored by body
Minerals
Elements that the body requires in inorganic forms
Used in small amounts, like vitamins
Proteins/ amino acids
Proteins make structure such as hair, make up muscle fibers, and are used for nutrient storage
8 essential amino acids
Amino acids required for protein production
Body cant store excess amino acids
Fibers
Indigestible
used for poop

11. Diagram:
Here are all the parts:

12. Parts you should know:

13. LITTLE BOOKS COLIC HERNIA ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
WHEN AN INFANT HAS UNCONTROLLABLE CRYING DUE TO STOMACH DISCOMFORT
MANY INFANTS GO THROUGH IRT, BUT IT IS ONLY TEMPORARY
HERNIA
RIPPED TISSUE OFTEN DUE TO HEAVY LIFTING
BULGE OR LUMP IN ABDOMEN AREA
ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
FEVER, FATIGUE, NAUSEA AND LIVER PROBLEMS
DUE TO ALCOHOL ABUSE
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
WHEN THE BODY DOESN’T PRODUCE LACTATE(THAT BREAKS DOWN LACTOSE)
IT CAUSES NAUSEA, CRAMPS, HEARTBURN, VOMITING AND GENERAL STOMACH DISCOMFORT
ACID REFLUX/ GERD
ACIDIC STOMACH JUICES FLOW BACK INTO ESOPHAGUS
CAUSES IMMFLAMATION IN THE ESOPHAGUS
ROTAVIRUS
A VIRUS THAT CAUSES VOMITING, WATERY DIARRHEA, FEVER, DEHYDRATION
PREVENTED BY WASHING YOUR HANDS

14. Nutritional Disorders
Malnutrition- a diet lacking in one or more essential nutrients
Undernutrition- deficient in Calories
Obesity- seriously overweight
Anorexia- disorder involving self-starvation
Bulimia- disorder involving bingeing and purging
Bingeing without purging is not a good idea, either.

15. Function: (29.1) Function of the digestive system
4 stages of food processing (describe each)
2 types of digestion
Give examples of each

16. Vocabulary:
Bolus- a chewed clump of food that is pushed down the throat
Peristalsis- a series of muscle contractions when food is pushed down the esophagus
Constipation-a condition of the bowels in which the feces are dry and hardened and evacuation is difficult and infrequent
Diarrhea- an intestinal disorder characterized by abnormal frequency and fluidity of fecal evacuations

17. Vocabulary:
Nutrition- process of how your body obtains raw materials from food
Ingestion- the act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing
Absorption- uptake of small nutrient molecules; third stage of food processing
Elimination- passage of undigested material from the digestive tract; fourth stage of food processing

18. Vocabulary: Feces- undigested food material and other food products
Chyme- liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids release from the stomach into the small intestine
Saliva- liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion
Villus- fingerlike projections of the inner surface if the small intestine that functions in absorbing materials

19. Vocabulary: [pictures]