1. the “natural” carbon cycle speciation of CO 2 in seawater Geol. 5700-008 week 2

2. the long-term C-cycle CO 2 + H 2 O CH 2 O + O 2 CaSiO 3 + CO 2 CaCO 3 + SiO 2 Berner ‘03 organic inorganic

3. natural carbon stocks and flows ocean DIC: 38,000 DOC: 600 living C: 1 atmosphere 700 sedimentary rocks CaCO 3 + OC: 50,000,000 fossil fuels: 5000 land living C: 500 dead C: 1500 60 GTC/y 70 weathering CaSiO 3 + CO 2  CaCO 3 + SiO 2 <0.1 metamorphism CaCO 3 + SiO 2  CaSiO 3 + CO 2 <0.1 stocks in GTC (gigatons C = 10 15 g C) transfer fluxes in GTC/year Archer ‘07

4. What is  c-labile w.r.t met + wx? ocean DIC: 38,000 DOC: 600 living C: 1 atmosphere 700 sedimentary rocks CaCO 3 + OC: 50,000,000 fossil fuels: 5000 land living C: 500 dead C: 1500 60 GTC/y 70 weathering CaSiO 3 + CO 2  CaCO 3 + SiO 2 <0.1 metamorphism CaCO 3 + SiO 2  CaSiO 3 + CO 2 <0.1 stocks in GTC (gigatons C = 10 15 g C) transfer fluxes in GTC/year Archer ‘07

5. CO 2 and temperature (Vostok, Ant.) Petit et al. 1999

6. H-G perturbation budget (GTC) atm +170 surface ocean +30 biota +400 to +600 deep ocean -600 to -800 ~ Sundquist ‘93

7. quantification G-H increase in atm. C burden by mass: mass atm. in moles = 1.73E20M CO 2 mole fraction increase = 80 ppm = 80  M _c /M _atm product = 1.38E22 uM _c = 1.38E16M _c = 13.8 petaM _c *12g/M _c = 166 PgC (=GTC) Equilibrium increase in surface ocean DIC from homogenous ocean buffer factor (B) = 10: ∂pCO 2 _pert_atm /pCO 2 _init_atm = B * ∂DIC _pert_oce /DIC _init_oce 280 ppm CO 2 _pert_atm / 200 ppm CO 2 _init _ atm = 1.40 = +40% 0.4/10 * 900GTC _oce_init = +36 GTC (see following TM presentation for full explanation of “B”) Change in land biota (from simple whole ocean  13 C mass balance constraint): H-G  13 C _oce = -0.3 per mil present whole ocean  13 C _abs = 0 per mil (by definition) land biosphere  13 C _avg = -20 per mil (mean photosynthetic discrimination) 38000 GTC _init (0 per mil) = X _pert GTC (-20 per mil) + (38,000 - X _pert GTC) (-0.3 per mil) X _pert = +570 GTC (per mil = ppt deviation from measurement standard)

8. glacial age physical perturbations preindustrial  T= -1 K S x 1.03 DIC+TA x 1.03 LGM Zeebe & Wolf-Gladrow ‘01