2. Chapter 1

3.  Density  Apparent density  Bulk density  Solidity  Porosity  Voidage §1.1 Basic Physical Properties of Materials

4. DefinitionDefinition – It refers to the mass per unit volume when the materials are in the absolute dense state. FormulaFormula ρ-Densityρ-Density m-Mass in the drynessm-Mass in the dryness V -Volume in the absolute denseV -Volume in the absolute dense Fig1.1.1Test apparatus of density Density

5. Density, Apparent Density and Bulk Density Sketch map of volume Sketch map of volume

6. Definition It refers to mass per unit volume when materials is in the natural state. Formula ρ 0 - Apparent density m- Mass in the drying v 0 -Volume in the natural state Apparent Density

7. Definition It refers to mass per unit volume when powdery or particle materials are under the stacking condition. Formula ρ 0 ´- Bulk density m- Mass in the drying v 0 ´-Bulk volume Bulk Density

8. Definition It refers to the compactness of solid in the volume of materials. Formula Solidity

9. Definition It refers to the proportion of pores volume to the total volume of material. Formula Porosity

10. Classifications of pores Connected pore and closed pore Coarse pore, fine pore and micro pore P+D=1 Closed Pore Connected Pore Sketch map of Pores Pores and Their Influences on Properties of Materials

11. Waterabsorption Strength Durability ρ0ρ0ρ0ρ0 Porosity Relation among properties are: When porosity decreases, ρ 0 increases, water absorption decreases, but strength and durability increase. Pores and Their Influences on Properties of Materials

12. Fig1.1.2 Relation between porosity and compressive strength Compressive Strength Porosity Relation between porosity and compressive strength can also be expressed in Fig1.1.2. Compressive strength decreases while porosity increases. Pores and Their Influences on Properties of Materials

13. Definition It refers to the proportion of spacing volume among the particles to the bulk volume of the non-coherent material in some container. Formula Voidage