1. Standard Clinic Part 4: Categories of Fouls Version 3.2 Release date: 2004

2. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 2 Fundamental Concepts Water Polo is a CONTACT SPORT There will be physical contact between players as they strive for position and the ball - this is wholly acceptable. Excessive or inappropriate contact between players should not be tolerated - use the concept of “play the ball and not the player” as a guideline.

3. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 3 Play the Ball and NOT the Player Generally overused as a phrase, but it is a VERY useful concept. Guideline: Players are OBLIGATED to direct their efforts toward the ball and not toward their opponents.

4. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 4 Playing Offense The objective of the attacking team is to gain and maintain offensive advantage. Examples: Good passes and ball control. Protecting the ball. Working for position. Taking good, high percentage shots.

5. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 5 Playing Defense The objective of the defending team is to prevent goals. Examples: Play in the “lanes” and prevent good passes. Pressure players to give up the ball. Working for better position. Force low percentage shots.

6. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 6 What This Section Will Cover: First Category of Fouls: Fouls of Play Second Category of Fouls: Fouls of Aggression Third Category of Fouls: Fouls of Conduct Other Considerations Misconceptions

7. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 7 First Category of Fouls: Fouls of Play Marking No call

8. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 8 First Category of Fouls: Equal Swim - No foul

9. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 9 First Category of Fouls: Impeding – Ordinary

10. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 10 First Category of Fouls: Pushing Off

11. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 11 First Category of Fouls: Handchecking

12. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 12 First Category of Fouls: Holding

13. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 13 First Category of Fouls: Sinking – Swimming Situation

14. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 14 First Category of Fouls: Sinking at Center Forward

15. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 15 First Category of Fouls: Pulling Back While Swimming

16. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 16 First Category of Fouls: Pull Back at Center Forward

17. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 17 First Category of Fouls: Gross and Go

18. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 18 First Category of Fouls: Pull Back by Former Center Forward

19. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 19 Defenders must show they are not fouling! First Category of Fouls: Fouls of Play Marking Impeding Handchecking Holding Sinking Pulling Back No call Ordinary or exclusion foul Exclusion foul Pushing or pushing off Ordinary or exclusion foul

20. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 20 What This Section Will Cover: First Category of Fouls: Fouls of Play Second Category of Fouls: Fouls of Aggression Third Category of Fouls: Fouls of Conduct Other Considerations Misconceptions

21. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 21 Second Category of Fouls: Aggressive Play

22. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 22 Second Category of Fouls: Overly Aggressive Play

23. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 23 Second Category of Fouls: Kicking or Striking Intent to kick or strike. Does not have to make contact. Can be called: Outside flow Behind the line of attack Does not belong – Get rid of it!! Single exclusion (or penalty throw)

24. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 24 Second Category of Fouls: Striking (or Kicking)

25. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 25 Second Category of Fouls: Around the Neck – Striking

26. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 26 Second Category of Fouls: Head Butt

27. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 27 Second Category of Fouls: Don’t Call Fake Head Butts

28. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 28 Second Category of Fouls: Violence Does not have to be intentional. Puts a player at risk of injury. Very important that this be called: “Advantage” is only a weak excuse “Maintaining flow” is also a weak excuse Game exclusion with substitution; if appropriate, a penalty throw may also be awarded.

29. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 29 Second Category of Fouls: Brutality Brutality is kicking or striking, or attempting to kick or strike with malicious intent. Intent to cause injury to opposing player. ALL brutalities MUST be called – No excuses. Game exclusion without substitution; minimum one game suspension. Must be reported to US Water Polo National Office – Additional sanctions may be imposed.

30. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 30 These fouls may be called outside flow! Second Category of Fouls: Fouls of Aggression Aggressive play Overly aggressive play Kicking or striking Head Butt Violence Brutality See Fouls of Play Ordinary or exclusion foul Exclusion (or penalty) foul Exclusion foul (or more) Game exclusion (w/ sub) Game exclusion (w/o sub) Suspension next game

31. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 31 Second Category of Fouls: Considerations Call fouls as they occur Start at the very beginning of the game The second period is too late to start When players are focused on each other – defuse the situation Stay on top of the fouls Catch the first foul and not just the retaliation

32. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 32 These fouls should always be called and enforced vigorously! Third Category of Fouls: Fouls of Conduct Misconduct Disobedience Disrespect Unsportsmanlike conduct Game exclusion w/ sub

33. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 33 Third Category of Fouls: 2002 Interpretations (1) If a player on a team in possession of the ball (or soon to have possession of the ball as his/her team had just been scored upon) commits a foul of disrespect or misconduct during a timeout or after a goal has been scored, the player is excluded for the remainder of the game with immediate substitution.

34. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 34 Third Category of Fouls: 2002 Interpretations (2) If a player on a team not in possession of the ball commits a foul of disrespect or misconduct during timeout or after a goal has been scored, the player is excluded for the remainder of the game and play is restarted with a substitute in the re-entry area.

35. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 35 Third Category of Fouls: 2002 Interpretations (3) If a player commits a foul of disrespect or misconduct during the time between periods, the player is excluded for the remainder of the game and the sprint is taken with the teams at full strength.

36. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 36 Third Category of Fouls: 2002 Interpretations (4) If a player of either team commits a foul of disrespect or misconduct during play or the time between the calling of a foul and the taking of the free throw, the player is excluded for the remainder of the game, the ball is awarded to the offended team, and play is restarted with a substitute in the re-entry area.

37. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 37 Other Considerations Yellow and Red Cards Women’s suits Ball under Inside 2 meter area Splashing Wasting Time (Stalling) Goalkeeper (empty net) fouls Time outs Throws

38. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 38 If a coach or team official is disruptive, they should be warned. If the coach of team official continues to be disruptive, a yellow card is issued as a visible warning. Next card is a red card. Issued for a single game only. Head coach may still advance to 4-meter line when the team is on offense, shout instructions to his/her team, and stand. Yellow Cards

39. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 39 Yellow Cards If action was severe enough, referee does not have to issue a yellow card and may issue a red card immediately. Athletes are not issued yellow cards, they automatically receive a red card.

40. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 40 Person must leave the precincts of the pool. May go to spectator stands. If continues to be disruptive, may be removed from the facility. Person receiving a red card may not participate in that team’s next game at that tournament. Red cards do not carry over between tournaments. Red Cards

41. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 41 Other Considerations Yellow and Red Cards Women’s suits Ball under Inside 2 meter area Splashing Wasting Time (Stalling) Goalkeeper (empty net) fouls Time outs Throws

42. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 42 Women’s Suit Holding by Defense: Exclusion Foul

43. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 43 Women’s Suit Holding by Offense: Contrafoul

44. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 44 Ball Under Player with the ball is: In control of the ball Making contact with the ball Ball goes completely under water Other player is: Making contact with the player with the ball on shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, or hand on the side holding the ball

45. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 45 Ball Under

46. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 46 Inside 2 Meter Area To be enforced Player must be outside the 2 meter area or must be behind the line of the ball player’s position determined by his/her head relative to the ball if the player is in control of or holding the ball, his/her head may be in front of the ball

47. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 47 Inside 2 Meter Area Offense may go in briefly if “inadvertent” Makes immediate effort to get back out may not receive ball inside 2 meters may not affect play may not go inside to gain position Defense pushing/holding attacking player inside 2 m is at least an ordinary; often an exclusion (for holding)

48. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 48 Splashing Splashing at the face of an opponent is a foul Offense splashing goalie: turnover Defense exclusion penalty if player being splashed is inside 4 meter area and ready to shoot

49. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 49 Splashing – 6 on 5 situation

50. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 50 Other Considerations Yellow and Red Cards Women’s suits Ball under Inside 2 meter area Splashing Wasting Time (Stalling) Goalkeeper (empty net) fouls Time outs Throws

51. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 51 Throwing ball into a vacant corner is wasting time: ordinary foul Throwing ball to goalkeeper when goalie is only attacking player in that half of the field: ordinary foul Wasting Time (Stalling)

52. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 52 Attacking team must play offense must get the ball into a better scoring position not restricted by how much time they take to do so if there are good opportunities to get into better position, and they refuse: call foul Wasting Time (Stalling)

53. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 53 Philosophical Approach: Wasting time must be called consistently: call it exactly the same in the first minute of game as in the last minute of the game Attacking team should not be penalized for being ahead and protecting their lead That means that the defense must force the play Wasting Time (Stalling)

54. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 54 Empty Net Fouls When there is no one defending the goal, then the probability that a ball tossed into the goal will score is very high. THEREFORE, many fouls committed inside the 4-meter area when the goal is empty may be penalty fouls because the foul took away a probable goal. NOTE: If there was no probable goal, then there is no penalty foul.

55. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 55 Goalkeeper (Empty Net) Fouls Goalkeeper comes out and sinks lead break inside 4 meter area Goalkeeper comes out and commits foul on an attacking player inside the 4m area without a defender nearby (usually penalty foul) with a defender nearby (might not be a penalty) Taking the ball under within strike zone (penalty foul) outside strike zone (ordinary foul)

56. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 56 Time Outs Rule of thumb: Know how many timeouts are remaining. Team has possession of the ball: Team calls an illegal timeout (more than allowed), turn the ball over. Team does not have possession of the ball: Penalty foul. If no team has possession of the ball: Free throw to the other team.

57. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 57 Free Throws Must be taken without undue delay, but does not have to be immediate Guidelines: should be given an opportunity to take a good look for open pass 3 seconds is about right

58. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 58 Putting the Ball in Play Legally putting the ball in play includes: Dropping the ball Tossing the ball up Passing the ball Rule of thumb: Ball must be visibly separated from the player’s hand and the surface of the water to be put into play.

59. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 59 Putting the Ball in Play Not legally putting the ball in play: spinning the ball putting the ball down and picking up hand advancing while holding the ball pushing the ball across the surface of the water swimming with the ball without having put it into play

60. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 60 Defending Free Throws No obligation to move away. Must demonstrate that he/she is not interfering with the free throw. Guidelines: Perimeter: Be about arm’s length away Perimeter: May put up “back” arm Perimeter/Set: Must not interfere with ability to pass in any direction

61. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 61 Shooting Free Throws If a foul is called outside 7 meters, a player taking the free throw may shoot the ball directly at the goal: Must be immediate and without delay No faking When ball is released, head must be outside the 7 meter line May shoot just as long as foul is outside 7m and ball is outside 7 meter line

62. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 62 Administering Corner Throws A corner throw is awarded when the ball goes out-of-bounds over the goal line and it was last touched by a player on the defending team. A free throw is awarded at the two meter line at the side line.

63. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 63 Administering Goal Throws A goal throw is awarded when the ball goes out-of-bounds over the goal line when the ball was last touched by an attacking team player OR when an illegal shot is taken. The goalkeeper is to take the throw from anywhere inside the 2 meter area. The throw may be shot at the opponent’s goal. All goal throws may be shot, regardless of whether the ball is in the field of play.

64. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 64 Administering Neutral Throws Also known as a jump ball. The referee selects the two players who committed the simultaneous fouls Goalkeeper is not usually selected The referee selects two players near where a double exclusion took place.

65. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 65 Administering Neutral Throws The ball is thrown into the air so that both players have an equal opportunity at the ball. One of the two selected players must touch the ball first before the ball can be played by another player. At least two players must intentionally play the ball before it can be shot.

66. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 66 Administering Penalty Throws Position the field players: The defense has the right of “inside” position (closest to the shooter) No player (except the goalkeeper) may be inside the 4 meter area. The shooter may be anywhere on the 4 meter line No player may be within 2 meters of the shooter.

67. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 67 Administering Penalty Throws Position the goalkeeper: Wall mounted goal The goalkeeper must have his/her hips on the goal line. Floating goal No part of the goalkeeper, above the surface of the water, may be in front of the goal line. Blow whistle and drop hand from a vertical position simultaneously.

68. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 68 Administering Penalty Throws Points of consideration: If goalkeeper comes out of the goal early and blocks shot - retake the shot. If the goalkeeper does not get into position after being told to do so - may exclude him/her. Shooter must make one smooth continuous motion on the shot - may not fake or hesitate.

69. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 69 Common Misconceptions Where to put the ball in play “Dead time” “Hands up defense” “Play the ball and not the man”

70. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 70 Where To Put The Ball In Play At the point of the foul if the ball has moved forward of the point of the foul if the ball has moved parallel to the point of the foul Interpretation: If the ball is passed to a player behind the line of the foul, that player may put the ball in play. Referees should not insist that the ball be put in play at the location of the foul.

71. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 71 Where To Put The Ball In Play At the location of the ball if the ball has moved behind the point of the foul At the two meter line if the foul was inside the 2-meter area if the ball has moved inside the 2- meter area (at or behind the 2-meter line)

72. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 72 “Dead Time” Dead time is the period between calling a foul and when the ball is put in play Defenders who are impeding, pushing, or pushing off in dead time may be excluded WATCH AND EVALUATE ADVANTAGE BEFORE MAKING THIS CALL

73. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 73 During “Dead Time” Be Aware Of Current play emphasizes the set position - biggest scoring threat Defenders increase the vigor of the defense at set EXCLUSION FOULS for holding, sinking and pulling back should be called in dead time even though they are not “dead time fouls”

74. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 74 “Hands up defense” What is hands up? What is NOT hands up?

75. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 75 “Hands up defense” There can be a foul when: No hands are up One hand is up Two hands are up There might be no foul when: No hands are up One hand is up Two hands are up A foul is called because of what the player does to the opponent, and not because of the location of the hands.

76. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 76 Hands Up Defense on Perimeter

77. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 77 Hands Up Defense at Center Forward

78. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 78 “Play The Ball, Not The Player” Not in the rule book However, it is a guide to fouls Is the player focused on the ball Is the contact incidental to going for the ball? Is the player focused on the player Is the player’s “space” violated? Is the player’s ability to play violated?

79. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 79 USE COMMON SENSE

80. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 80 The End of Part 4 Categories of Fouls