1. ____ are characteristics of an organism a. traits b. genes c. alleles d. factor

2. A. traits

3. Who studied inheritance patterns in pea plants? a. Watson b. Crick c. Sutton d. Mendel

4. D. Mendel

5. Genes are tiny sections of ___________. A. ribosomes b. phenotypes c. nucleic acids d. chromosomes

6. D. chromosomes

7. Sex cells are produced by a. mitosis b. pollination c. mutations d. meiosis

8. D. meiosis

9. Visible characteristics of an organism a.genotype b. phenotype c. mutations d. alleles

10. B. phenotype

11. An allele is a. One form of a trait b. Exact copy of DNA c. Actual make-up of a gene d. Chart showing possible gene combinations

12. A. One form of a trait

13. What is a mutation? a. Harmful changes to an organism b. Changes in the phenotype c. Any change in a gene or chromosome d. Helpful changes to an organism

14. C. Any change in a gene or chromosome

15. Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? A. cytosine b. uracil c. adenine d. guanine

16. b. uracil

17. The study of heredity is called a. genetics b. biology c. probability d. phenotype

18. A. genetics

19. The genetic make-up of an organism A. mutation b. genotype c. phenotype d. purebred

20. B. genotype

21. Organisms with the same gene for a trait a. purebred b. heterozygous c. homozygous d. Both a and c

23. If genes for white flowers mask or cover the gene for red flowers, the red genes are a. hybrid b. recessive c. dominant d. codominant

24. B. recessive

25. When purebred tall plants are crossed with purebred short plants the offspring are a. all short. b. all tall hybrid. c. tall and short. d. purebred.

26. B. all tall hybrid.

27. Who discovered DNA? A. Watson and Crick b. Mendel and Sutton c. Hooke and Leuvenhooke d. Brooks and Dun

28. A. Watson and Crick

29. Y = yellow seeds and y = green seeds Which is hybrid? a.Yy b.YY c.Y d.yy e.None of these

30. a. Yy

31. In the genotype Rr, “R” = round seeds then the “r” stands for a.Gene for round seeds b.Hybrid c.Dominant characteristics d.Gene for wrinkled seeds (recessive trait)

32. d. Gene for wrinkled seeds (recessive trait)

33. If you toss a coin 5 times, and it lands heads up each time, what is the possibility of it landing heads up on the 6 th toss? a.1/6 b.1/5 c.1/2 d.1/3

34. c. 1/2

35. A double helix molecule made of 4 nitrogen bases, looks like a twisted ladder is a. RNA b. chromosomes c. genes d. DNA

36. d. DNA

37. What does a Punnett Square show? a. dominant alleles b. recessive alleles c. Mendel’s discoveries about genetic crosses d. possible outcomes in a genetic cross

38. d. Possible outcomes in a genetic cross

39. What is the genetic code? a. order of amino acids in a protein b. order of nitrogen bases along a gene c. number of G and C bases d. number of nitrogen bases in a gene

40. b. Order of nitrogen bases along a gene

41. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? a. hybrid chromosomes form offspring b. codominant genes combine to form hybrids c. genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes d. chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids

42. c. Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes

43. What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? a. carry amino acids and add them to the growing chain b. copy the coded message from DNA and carry it into the nucleus c. copy the coded message from the protein and carry it into the nucleus d. copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the cytoplasm

44. a.Carry amino acids and add them to the growing chain

45. The process by which DNA forms an exact duplicate is known as a. reconstruction b. cross-pollination c. replication d. chromosomes

46. c. replication