1. How did Washington deal with the United States’ economic issues and strengthen and unite the new nation? What were his major domestic and foreign policies/contributions?

2. Organizing the Executive Branch President Washington State Foreign affairs Thomas Jefferson (anti-federalist) Treasury Money/Economy Alexander Hamilton (federalist) War Defense Henry Knox Attorney General Law/Constitutional issues Edmund Randolph Vice President John Adams (federalist)

3. Organizing the Judicial Branch District courts in each state had a federal judge to hear maritime and other minor cases Circuit courts serve the appellate process Judiciary Act 1789- created the judicial system Supreme Court Chief Justice (John Jay) 5 associate judges serve for life Federal Circuit Court District Federal Circuit Court District Section 25- Allows state court decisions to be appealed to federal courts regarding constitutional matters. This guarantees that the federal gov’t remains the “supreme law of the land”

4. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Debt?  Pay off all foreign and domestic debt over time by financing it.  Builds good credit with other nations and citizens  Debt?  Pay off all foreign and domestic debt over time by financing it.  Builds good credit with other nations and citizens

5. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Bonds - certificates of investment (loans to gov’t)  Issue new bonds backed by new gov’t to cover debts of old ones  Sell them to new investors to raise money to pay off debt  Bonds - certificates of investment (loans to gov’t)  Issue new bonds backed by new gov’t to cover debts of old ones  Sell them to new investors to raise money to pay off debt

6. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Assumption of State Debts- take over individual state debt and absorb it into the federal debt  Unite the country  Created controversy  some states already paid off debt,  increased the size of the foreign dept  Assumption of State Debts- take over individual state debt and absorb it into the federal debt  Unite the country  Created controversy  some states already paid off debt,  increased the size of the foreign dept

7. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  National Bank- organize the nations economy, funded by federal government and wealthy investors  Issue paper money  Collect revenue  Pay debts  Arguments against the Bank  Unhealthy alliance between wealthy northern merchants and the government  Unconstitutional  National Bank- organize the nations economy, funded by federal government and wealthy investors  Issue paper money  Collect revenue  Pay debts  Arguments against the Bank  Unhealthy alliance between wealthy northern merchants and the government  Unconstitutional

8. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  Supported by Federalists (Hamilton and Adams)  Elastic Clause “Congress can pass laws that are necessary and proper”  Strict Interpretation of the Constitution  Supported by Anti-Federalists (Jefferson and Madison)  The government only has the powers listed in the constitution, read it “word for word”  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  Supported by Federalists (Hamilton and Adams)  Elastic Clause “Congress can pass laws that are necessary and proper”  Strict Interpretation of the Constitution  Supported by Anti-Federalists (Jefferson and Madison)  The government only has the powers listed in the constitution, read it “word for word”

9. Hamilton’s Financial Plan  Taxes should be levied to raise funds for running the gov’t and paying off debts  Excise Tax- sales tax  Tariff- tax on imported goods  Whiskey Rebellion- Sales tax on whiskey, cut into the profits of corn farmers, many refused to pay, attacked marshals and threatened to secede from the union.  Taxes should be levied to raise funds for running the gov’t and paying off debts  Excise Tax- sales tax  Tariff- tax on imported goods  Whiskey Rebellion- Sales tax on whiskey, cut into the profits of corn farmers, many refused to pay, attacked marshals and threatened to secede from the union.