2. Unit 4 Europe Physical notes

3. Vocabulary 1.Avalanche 2.Chaparral 3.City – State 4.Cold War 5.Collective Farms 6.Communism 7.Consumer Goods 8.Feudalism 9.Fjord 10.Heavy Industry 11.Holocaust 12.Light Industry 13.Mixed Farming 14.Peat 15.Permafrost 16.Polder 17.Reformation 18.Refugee 19.Renaissance 20.State Farm 21.Tariff 22.Welfare State

4. Western ½ the size of the United States Called the “Peninsulas of Peninsulas” 5 Peninsulas 1.Scandinavian4. Italian 2.Iberian 5. Balkan 3.Jutland

5. 3 Physical Regions 1.North 1.North - (Low rounded mountains) 2.Central 2.Central - (Plains) 3.South 3.South - (High rugged mountains)

6. Norden (“North Lands”) Norway Sweden Finland Denmark Iceland

7. Central Germany France Switzerland Austria Liechtenstein Benelux

8. Benelux Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg

9. Mediterranean Spain Portugal Italy Greece Micro - States

10. Eastern Europe 4 Physical Regions 1. North European Plain = mostly Poland 2. Carpathian Mountains 3. Hungarian Basin = Home of Danube R. 4. Balkan Peninsula = (8 countries) mostly valleys & mountains that hinder invasion & unity.

11. Carpathian Mountains Danube River North European Plain Balkan Peninsula

12. Major Rivers Seine – France (Paris) Thames – UK (London) Tiber – Italy (Rome) Rhine – Germany Danube – East Europe Po – Northern Italy Rhine Thames Po Tiber Seine Danube

13. Major Mountain Ranges Pyrenees – France, Spain, Andorra Alps – Sw. Ger. Fr. Aus. It. Apennine - Italy Kjolen - Norway Carpathians – Romania Balkan – Yug. Bos & Herz., Cro. & Mac. PyreneesAlpsApennineKjolen Carpathian Balkan

14. Europe’s Natural Resources 1.“Birthplace of modern Industry” 2.Iron / Coal 3.Peat = Burned as Fuel 4.Other = coal, oil, gas, nuclear, and hydroelectric power. Peat Iron Coal

15. Climate Types proximity to water Most important climate control is proximity to water. No point is more than 300 miles from water.

16. 3 Kinds of Climate Marine West Coast –N. Atlantic Drift: Currents of ocean bring warm air. Keeps Europe warmer than other areas at the same latitude. Mediterranean –So. Europe – mild rainy winters, hot, dry summers Interior –Continental – extremely hot summers and very cold winters.

17. Population Densely populated 75% is urban Most crowded country is the Netherlands Lowest growth rate of any continent Unit 4 Europe Culture Notes

18. Culture Language = Over 50 different ones Education = Highly literate (99%) –Bilingual Religion –Northern Europe = Protestant (any Christian who is not Catholic) –Southern Europe = Mostly Catholic, Jews are 3% of the population. Largest NON Christian group

19. holocaust

20. HOLOCAUST Nazi extermination of the Jews by Hitler from about 1935 – 1945. Over 6 million Jews killed in Germany and Poland in Concentration Camps.

21. Political Patterns All Democracies (people elect their leaders) Welfare States, Presidential system, Parliamentary system, Constitutional Monarchy

22. COLD WAR WEST Aligned with the United States Democracies or Capitalist society. EAST Aligned with the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union) Communist

23. Neutral Countries SwitzerlandAustriaFinland

24. Economics Home of Industrial Revolution –Capital, raw materials, gov. support, labor, management skills North is more industrialized than the South Even distribution income (huge middle class) socialized Agriculture = more productive European Union

25. Product of European Nations 1. Scotland – Scotch Whiskey 2. Switzerland – expensive watches, knives, chocolate 3. Liechtenstein – False teeth 4. Portugal – cork, sardines 5. France – wine, fashion 6. Germany – VW, BMW, weapons, planes 7. Greece – olives 8. Netherlands – banking, flowers 9. England - Textiles

26. What caused Europe to split into so many Nations? 1. Peninsulas 2. Mountains 3. Feudal (caste) system of Middle Ages

27. European Union Political Notes

28. Greece Spain France Italy Ireland Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Germany Belgium E.U. Members

29. Euro Dollar Euro Dollar is the name of the currency adopted by the Union that can be used as the common form of money in any member country.

30. Cold war

31. What is it? War of ideas & political power Military power & presence was key Game of “chicken”, who would back down 1 st Nuclear danger: Cuban Missile Crisis

32. Soviet Satellites Countries that were communist & allies of the Soviet Union. 1.East Germany 3. Yugoslavia 2.Czechoslovakia 4. Romania a) Etc. (Eastern Europe)

33. The United States Led by John F. Kennedy (1960’s) and Ronald Reagan (1980’s). The U.S. represented the west and Democracy. The only country that had the military might to stand up to the power of the Soviet Union.

34. The Soviet Union Led by Nikita Kruschev (1960’s) and Mikhail Gorbachev (1980’s). Spread of Communism through military force and fear. Supreme military machine.