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The Science of Animal Agriculture Ch. 4 The Science of Genetics
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Genetic Basics Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) –first person to develop workable theory transfer of traits –used garden peas –based on purebred strains
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Law of Dominance overriding or dominant factors make certain recessive traits disappear
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Law of Segregation the alleles responsible for the traits from each parent are separated and then combined with factors from the other parent at fertilization
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Law of Independent Assortment Factors for certain characteristics are passed from parents to the next generation separate from the other factors or genes that transmit other traits
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Punnett Square Developed by R.C. Punnett illustrates the possible combinations for a particular trait RR R R rr rr Rr
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Punnett Square Developed by R.C. Punnett illustrates the possible combinations for a particular trait Rr R r rR RR Rr rr
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Genetics Basics genes are in chromosomes –different animals have different chromosome #’s cattle = 30 pairs horses = 32 pairs apples = 34 pairs each allele contains two genes –one by each parent
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Selective Breeding the choosing of individuals of a single strain and species artificial selection need to avoid inbreeding
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Hybridization the crossing of different species hybrid vigor –the ability of hybrids or strain crosses to exceed the parents in performance most hybrids are sterile
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Crossbreeding the mating of unrelated strains of the same species to avoid inbreeding
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