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Molecular Computing by Jason Bryant and Richard Overstreet
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Why do we need smaller computers? Increased Complexity=Increased Computing Power To achieve this complexity, the components of a computer must be made smaller. There are both practical and scientific limitations on current silicon-based technology (Moore ’ s Law) One solution lies in molecular switches
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What is a molecular switch? The use of molecules to construct electronic components that perform the same function as a macroscopic counterpart. Wires, logic gates, memory circuits, etc.
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What kind of molecule do we need? What do we need it to do? Ideally, transmit or store electrons Need an empty low energy orbital Can create a "pi-conjugated system"
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Pi Conjugated system These pi bonds act as wires by allowing the passage of electrons www.d.umn.edu/~pkiprof/chemweb/ Overlap/overlap2.html
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Benefits of the Molecular Switch Obvious size advantage High current flow generates little heat Self-Assembly=Cheap, identical production in mass quantities High potential circuit density Non-volatile RAM
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Need more than just wires Need Transistors Exploiting the pi orbital overlap Now we have the concepts, how do we use it?
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Mark Reed and James Tour Base molecule was the Benzine Ring http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html
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Properties of Benzine Dithol Allowed for trapping of electrons Varying voltage controlled conductive and nonconductive state http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html
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How could they turn it on and off? Addition of NO2 and NH2 to the center ring created asymmetry that allows for twisting with applied voltage. http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html
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So how did they build it? Self assembly Need to be able to attach to metal surfaces Addition of thiols. http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html
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Self Assembly Process http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html
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Help from Photolithography For now, help from current semiconductor technology Creates selected regions for self assembly Now we have something resembling current computer architecture
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Hurdles The Molecular Transistor- under development Connecting molecular switches Logic Gates
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Notes Mark A. Reed and James M. Tour “ Computing with Molecules ” Scientific American June 2000 http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600reed.html Ben Feringa, editor. Molecular Switches (Wiley-VCH: New York) 2001 David Rotman “ Molecular Computing ” Technology Review May/June 2000 University of Minnesota Inorganic Chemistry Website www.d.umn.edu/~pkiprof/chemweb/ Overlap/overlap2.html 2001 www.d.umn.edu/~pkiprof/chemweb/ Overlap/overlap2.html
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