1. Codan L-Band Block Upconverter (BUC) System HiSeasNet Training Course SIO, August 2009

2. 2 Codan L-Band Low Power Block Upconverter (LBUC) Technical Overview Main Components Low Power BUC (Block Upconverter) TRANSMIT LNB RECEIVE

3. 3 Low Power Block Upconverter (LBUC) Transceiver Block Diagram

4. 4 L-Band IF Transceiver - Transmit L-Band IF Transceiver - Transmit Tx IF cable carries: Tx IF cable carries: Tx L-Band IF signal Frequency Reference from Modem or Interface Unit (10 MHz) FSK Monitor & Control signals 24 or 48VDC for LBUC supplies 24 or 48VDC for LBUC supplies

5. 5 L-Band IF Transceiver - Receive LNB LNB Optional from Codan C-Band & Ku-Band versions Rx IF cable carries: Rx IF signal from LNB to the Modem Power from Modem (15 VDC nominal) Reference Frequency from Modem (10 MHz)

6. 6 LNB Specifications Frequency range Frequency range Ku-BandBand 110.95 - 11.70 GHz Band 211.70 - 12.20 GHz * Band 312.25 - 12.75 GHz Gain Gain Ku-Band60 dB Noise temperature Noise temperature Ku-Band75 K max Ku-Band75 K max NOTE: Band 2, 11.70 – 12.20 GHz, is the Ku-Band frequency range used by HiSeasNet ships operating on Satmex 5, Beams 1 and 2 NOTE: Band 2, 11.70 – 12.20 GHz, is the Ku-Band frequency range used by HiSeasNet ships operating on Satmex 5, Beams 1 and 2

7. 7 Block Upconverter (BUC) Transmit Frequency Conversions The Block Upconverter (BUC) is responsible for the transmission of the desired carrier at the correct TX frequency. It takes the L-Band input from the modem and upconverts it to Ku-Band using a local oscillator (LO) inside the BUC. The Block Upconverter (BUC) is responsible for the transmission of the desired carrier at the correct TX frequency. It takes the L-Band input from the modem and upconverts it to Ku-Band using a local oscillator (LO) inside the BUC. The purpose of a local oscillator is to convert a desired frequency, either up or down, from one band to another The purpose of a local oscillator is to convert a desired frequency, either up or down, from one band to another Downconversion - Ku-Band + LO = L-Band Upconversion - L-Band + LO = Ku-Band The BUC is a single conversion system which is frequency inverting. This means that the higher the L-Band frequency the lower the transmit RF frequency. The BUC is a single conversion system which is frequency inverting. This means that the higher the L-Band frequency the lower the transmit RF frequency. Ku-Band requires only one LO frequency to cover the full Ku-Band frequency plan. This LO Frequency is 15.450 GHz. Note that this LO frequency is above the entire TX Band (14.0 – 14.5 GHz). That is why the frequencies are inverted Ku-Band requires only one LO frequency to cover the full Ku-Band frequency plan. This LO Frequency is 15.450 GHz. Note that this LO frequency is above the entire TX Band (14.0 – 14.5 GHz). That is why the frequencies are inverted To calculate the required modem IF frequency for a given RF frequency: To calculate the required modem IF frequency for a given RF frequency: frequency IF = frequency LO – frequency RF

8. 8 BUC Frequency Plan (Ku-Band) Ku-Band - LBUC Ku-Band - LBUC RF: 13750 - 14500 MHz RF: 13750 - 14500 MHz (Extended TX Range) IF: 950 - 1700 MHz IF: 950 - 1700 MHz LO fixed at 15450 MHz LO fixed at 15450 MHz Ku-Band - MBUC RF: 14000 - 14500 MHz (Standard TX Range) IF: 950 - 1450 MHz LO fixed at 15450 MHz 1700 MHz 1450 MHz 950 MHz 14500 MHz 14000 MHz 13750 MHz IF input RF output 1450 MHz 950 MHz 14000 MHz 14500 MHz IF input RF output

9. 9 Frequency Conversion Examples - Transmit Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration. Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration. Transmit Frequency - Calculate the L-Band transmit frequency to be entered in the Comtech modem to transmit the correct Ku-Band frequency. Required TX Ku-Band Frequency=> 14.436215 GHz (14436.215 MHz) BUC LO Frequency=> 15.450 GHz (15450.000 MHz) frequency IF = frequency LO – frequency RF frequency IF = frequency LO – frequency RF frequency IF = 15450.000 MHz – 14436.215 MHz frequency IF = 15450.000 MHz – 14436.215 MHz frequency IF = 1013.785 MHz frequency IF = 1013.785 MHz

10. 10 Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) Frequency Plan Each Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) used in this system has its own internal Reference Oscillator it uses to downconvert the received Ku-Band Signals to L-Band signals. This oscillator is commonly referred to as the Local Oscillator (LO). The LO frequency is different depending on the 3 different Receive Bands. Each Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) used in this system has its own internal Reference Oscillator it uses to downconvert the received Ku-Band Signals to L-Band signals. This oscillator is commonly referred to as the Local Oscillator (LO). The LO frequency is different depending on the 3 different Receive Bands. The three Receive Bands are: The three Receive Bands are: Band 110.95 - 11.70 GHz LNB LO Freq = 10.00 GHz Band 211.70 - 12.20 GHzLNB LO Freq = 10.75 GHz Band 312.25 - 12.75 GHzLNB LO Freq = 11.30 GHz The LNB Downconversion process is a single step process that is NOT Frequency Inverted. This means that the LO frequency is simply subtracted from the Ku-Band Receive frequency to determine the L-Band Receive Frequency. The LNB Downconversion process is a single step process that is NOT Frequency Inverted. This means that the LO frequency is simply subtracted from the Ku-Band Receive frequency to determine the L-Band Receive Frequency. frequency IF = frequency RF – frequency LO

11. 11 Frequency Conversion Examples - Receive Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration. Receive Frequency - Calculate the L-Band receive frequency to be entered in the Comtech modem to receive the transmitted Ku-Band frequency. First – Convert the Transmit Ku-band frequency to the Receive Ku-Band frequency. Do this by subtracting the satellite translation value from the TX Ku-Band frequency. The satellite translation value is 2300 MHz Transmit Ku-Band Frequency - Translation Value = Receive Ku-Band Frequency 14436.215 MHz - 2300 MHz = 12136.215 MHz Next – Subtract the LNB LO frequency from the Receive Ku-Band Frequency to determine the correct Receive L-Band Frequency. The LO frequency of the LNB is 10750.000 MHz frequency IF = frequency RF – frequency LO frequency IF = frequency RF – frequency LO frequency IF = 12136.215 MHz - 10750 MHz frequency IF = 12136.215 MHz - 10750 MHz frequency IF = 1386.215 MHz frequency IF = 1386.215 MHz

12. 12 BUC Indicators/Alarms There are three LEDs on the BUC There are three LEDs on the BUC –PWR (Power)Green – Indicating Power present –Tx (Transmit)Yellow – Indicates BUC RF PA is ON –FLT (Fault)Red – Two possible states: On – steady Flash – two flashes every second

13. 13 BUC Fault LED OFFNo Faults or latched faults present. OFFNo Faults or latched faults present. ON Fault Condition exists ON Fault Condition exists  Over Temperature (>90ºC)  Fan Fault  PA Fault  LO Fault  Output power below set threshold  Hardware/software incompatibility FlashingPrimarily used in Redundant Systems to indicate: FlashingPrimarily used in Redundant Systems to indicate:  LNB Fault  Redundancy Controller Fault (NOTE HiSeasNet does not have any redundant systems)

14. 14 Codan L-Band LBUC >HLP General Help (this Display) HLP Help for Set Commands HSC Help for Output Commands HOC Help for Reset Commands HRC Help for View Commands HVC >HSC Set Transmit On STOn n=0: Off, n=1: On Set On Line SOLn n=0: Off-Line, n=1: On-Line Set Compensation Freq SCFn 13750<=n<=14500, 950<=n<=1700, n=0: Wideband Set Transmit Attenuator STAn n=0, 4, 8, 12 Set Tx Alarm Threshold SATn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: Disable Set Burst Threshold SBTn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: Disable Set LO Frequency SLOn n=15450 Set Transmit Default STDn n=0: Transmit Off, n=1: Last State Set Redundancy Mode SRMn n=0: Non, n=1: Warm, n=2: Hot Set Serial Interface SSIr,l,p,s,t (Rate, Len, Parity, Stop, Term) Set Packet Protocol SPPn 0<=n<=4 Set Packet Address SADn 1<=n<=126 Set Echo SECn n=0: Echo Off, n=1: Echo On BUC Command List – 69xx

15. 15 Codan L-Band LBUC >HOC Output Tx On OTO Output On Line State OOL Output Tx Frequency OCF Output Tx Attenuator OTA Output Pwr Alarm Thresh OAT Output Burst Threshold OBT Output LO Frequency OLO Output Tx Default OTD Output Redundant Mode ORM Output Serial I/face OSI Output Packet Protocol OPP Output Packet Address OAD Output Echo OEC Output System Status OSS Output Fault Status OFS Output Latched Faults OLF Output Status Poll OSP Output PA State OPA Output Burst Power OBP Output Power Output OPO Output Temp of BUC OTB Output IF Compen. Freq OIC Output Identity Data OID Output Max/Min Temps OMT Output Protocol Data OPD Output Limit Data OLD Output Device Type ODT Output Build Standard OBS Output BUC Config OBC BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)

16. 16 Codan L-Band LBUC HRC HRC Reset BUC RST Reset Change Bits RCB Reset BUC RST Reset Change Bits RCB Reset to Default Values RDV Reset Latched Faults RLFHVC Reset to Default Values RDV Reset Latched Faults RLFHVC View System Status VSS View Fault Status VFS View System Status VSS View Fault Status VFS View Limit Data VLD View Protocol Data VPD View Limit Data VLD View Protocol Data VPD View Operational Data VOD View Build Standard VBS View Operational Data VOD View Build Standard VBS View Identity Data VID View Identity Data VID BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)