1. Late 15 th Century Renaissance By mid 15th century, the Renaissance movement had spread throughout Europe. By mid 15th century, the Renaissance movement had spread throughout Europe. However, Italy was still at the heart of this cultural rebirth and it continued to produce ingenious artists like Mantegna, Antonella da Messina, and Botticelli. However, Italy was still at the heart of this cultural rebirth and it continued to produce ingenious artists like Mantegna, Antonella da Messina, and Botticelli.

2. Late 15 th Century Renaissance: Andrea Mantegna Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506) painted heroic figures, often using a dramatic perspective that gives the viewer the illusion of looking up from below. Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506) painted heroic figures, often using a dramatic perspective that gives the viewer the illusion of looking up from below.

3. Late 15 th Century Renaissance: Mantegna’s Triumph of Virtue This detail of Mantegna’s The Triumph of Virtue (c. 1540) depicts Athena as moral guardian expelling the Vices from the garden. This detail of Mantegna’s The Triumph of Virtue (c. 1540) depicts Athena as moral guardian expelling the Vices from the garden.

6. Late 15 th Century Renaissance: Antonella da Messina Antonella da Messina (1430-1479) made his portraits so perfect that they give the illusion of life. Particularly careful of perspective, his painting is characterized by strong colors and precision of architectural forms. Antonella da Messina (1430-1479) made his portraits so perfect that they give the illusion of life. Particularly careful of perspective, his painting is characterized by strong colors and precision of architectural forms.

8. Late 15 th Century Renaissance: Sandro Botticelli Sandro Botticelli (1444/5-1510) had a sophisticated understanding of perspective, anatomy, and humanism. His Birth of Venus (c. 1485) and Primavera (1477-78) are often said to epitomize for modern viewers the spirit of the Renaissance. Sandro Botticelli (1444/5-1510) had a sophisticated understanding of perspective, anatomy, and humanism. His Birth of Venus (c. 1485) and Primavera (1477-78) are often said to epitomize for modern viewers the spirit of the Renaissance.