1. Hinduism and Buddhism Develop On the Indian Subcontinent

2. How did Hinduism Evolve? No specific founder Vedic hymns interpreted = Upanishads (750- 550 BCE) Caste system/varna: determines every aspect of an individual life (dharma) Atman+ Brahman= moshka Karma determines reincarnation Faith demanded that people accept their life Protest religions: Jainism and Buddhism

3. Brahma: The Creator Vishnu: The Protector Shiva: The Destroyer

4. The Hindu Caste System Varnas : Priests Warriors, Police Merchants Farmers, Peasants, Servants The Untouchables

6. Siddhartha/Buddha Lived as a prince and a beggar

7. The Development of Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama- Great Ruler or Spiritual Leader? Buddha preached a path to Enlightenment to break the cycle of reincarnation and reach nirvana, a release from selfishness and pain

8. The Four Noble Truths Life is filled with suffering and sorrow The cause of this suffering is selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world In order to end suffering, one must end desire To overcome desire, you follow the Eightfold Path ( the middle way between desire and self- denial)

11. Impact of Buddhism Rejection of caste system appealed to the poor Monastic spread Spread in Asia through trade and missionary outreach absorbed by Hinduism in India Pilgrimage sites and stupas

13. Bodhgaya, India

14. A giant Buddha statue in Bamyan, Afghanistan, erected in the 6th century C.E. Destroyed by the Taliban in 2001

15. Buddha at Sukhotai, Thailand

16. Chinese Buddha

17. Symbols in the images Long earlobes= Buddha hears everything, wore big earrings The Buddha's bump symbolizes wisdom. A dot on the forehead represents the all seeing eye The fingers are long, slender, and usually finely webbed to indicate that the Buddha can "catch" people, similar to the Christian idea of Jesus the fisherman. Also less likely to break, Halo representation of light emanates from the Buddha, usually circles the whole body

18. This mudra shows fearlessness, protection and peace right hand raised to shoulder height, arm bent, and palm facing outward. Shows that the hand is empty of weapons and thus indicating friendship and peace. To western eyes, it looks like the gesture meaning "stop.“

19. Bhumisparsha (Earth Witness) Mudra Symbol of Enlightenment when he summoned the earth goddess, Sthavara, to bear witness symbolizes the union of method and wisdom

20. Dharmachakra (Wheel- Turning) Mudra symbolizes the occasion when he preached to his companions the first sermon after his Enlightenment, setting into motion the Wheel of teaching.