1. 1 “e-Learning” Dr. Mohammad Daud Khattak In-charge/Assistant Professor Project Director “Strenththening AIOU” Associate Director (Multimedia Content) Centre for Instructional Design dkhattak@hotmail.com

2. Contents Generations of distance education e-learning and its significance e-learning modalities e-learning system e-contents Learning Objects Issues in Designing e-Learning material 5/31/20162

3. Generations of Distance Education Ist … Correspondence (printed material) … before 60 2 nd … Printed material + cassettes/taps … mid 60s 3rd … Printed material + cassettes/taps + broadcast media … mid 70s 4th … e-learning …1995 5 th …. Mobile learning … most recent 3

4. 5/31/20164 E-learning and its Significance ICT … refers to use of a range of technologies in : storage, retrieval, processing, and analyzing information Traditional distance learning turned into electronic learning (e-learning) Paradigm shift traditional DL ……e-learning Many ways to define e-learning

5. 5/31/20165 E-learning and its Significance... Simple definition: Process of teaching and learning using electronic devices e-learning opportunities in education Technological Turned traditional paper based content to electronic content Turned postal services to electronic delivery Pedagogical Use of instructional art, in design and development of electronic course material

6. 5/31/20166 E-learning and its Significance Cost effective less time and money is spent Flexibility learning anytime anywhere advantage of learning at the pace of learner Personalized learning Encourage to pursue through information by using hyperlinks and sites able to find information relevant to their personal situations and interest allows selection of learning materials that meet level of knowledge, interest more effectively Develop knowledge helps in developing Internet knowledge Many more

7. e-Learning Modalities Individualized self-paced …(Online) Individualized self-paced …(Offline) Group-based ………………….(Synchronously) Group-based ………………….(Asynchronously) 5/31/20167

8. e-Learning Modalities… Individualized self-paced …(Online) An individual learner accessing learning resources online For example: a learner access database or course content Individualized self-paced …(Offline) An individual learner accessing learning resources offline For example: a learner working alone off a hard drive, a CD or DVD 5/31/20168

9. e-Learning Modalities… Group-based (synchronously ) Synchronous refers to situation where group(s) of learners working together in real time It may include: text-based conferencing one or two-way audio, and videoconferencing For example: learners engaged in a real-time chat or an audio-video conference 5/31/20169

10. e-Learning Modalities… Group-based (Asynchronously ) Asynchronous refers to situation where group(s) of learners working together where exchanges among participants occur with a time delay (i.e., not in real time) Typical examples : on-line discussions via electronic mailing lists text-based conferencing within learning managements systems 5/31/201610

11. e-learning system The e-learning system consists of different components like: Curriculum Learners e-contents, and Technology 5/31/201611

12. e-content? ICT devices played a key role in the pedagogical activities: design and development of instructional material, its delivery, and evaluation ICT enabled instructional materials are well accepted by the learners Instructional materials in electronic form is referred to as e-content 12

13. e-content?… The e-content may takes several forms such as: text, image, video, audio, or combination of any of these 13

14. Approaches to Develop e-contents Three approaches to develop e-contents Adaptation Customize Localized development 14

15. Advantages of e-content Self-paced Instructional consistency Easy/fast delivery Round the clock accessibility Low cost Increased retention level Motivation 15

16. Components of e-content Three components are: Learning objectives Instructional material Assessment 16

17. Principles of e-content e-Instructional material Four most important principles (1) Delivery Mechanism Synchronous Asynchronous 17

18. Principles Components of e-content … e-Instructional material (2) Presentation text graphics audio video or combination of these 18

19. Principles Components of e-content … e-Instructional material (3) Interaction support active learning (learning by doing) stimulate learners increase learners retention provide opportunity of drill and practice 19

20. Principles Components of e-content … e-Instructional material (4) Design sequence or events of instruction provide which event is performed first, next, or in parallel example is caption appears on the screen along- with elaborated audio and may be supported by a table, or figure, or an image, or a map, or an animation 20

21. e-instructional Material Vs Reference Material 21 e-instructional MaterialReference Material Design characteristicsreferred to as reading material Statement of objectiveMay not have statement of objective Events of instructionsDo not have events of instruction InteractionDo not have interaction Instructional methodsDo not have instructional methods AssessmentDo not have assessment

22. Learning Object There exist many definitions Simple definition Small segment of digital entity containing computer based instructions “Learning Object”, consists of two words “Learning”, meant for holding information that enables learning “Object”, meant for small segment of learning resource 5/31/201622

23. Components of a Learning Object Learning objective Content Practice, and Assessment 5/31/201623

24. Size of a Learning Object 5/31/201624

25. Issues in Designing e-Learning material Lack of experienced course writers Lack of Instructional Designers Instructional Technologies Internet Bandwidth Variant Socio-Cultural Norms language, traditions, culture, religion, and ethics Among these religion is most sensitive 5/31/201625