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DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA. DNA vs. RNA Summary DNARNA By comparison they both have: Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By.

Published byLeslie Burke Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA. DNA vs. RNA Summary DNARNA By comparison they both have: Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By."— Presentation transcript:

1 DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA

2 DNA vs. RNA Summary DNARNA By comparison they both have: Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By contrast each has: Double strand, double helix Single strand and various shapes (3) Deoxyribose sugarRibose sugar A=T and C=GA=U and C=G Stay in the nucleusNucleus and cytoplasm

3 Different 5 – C sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) and Ribose (RNA)

4 Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA) Thymine versus Uracil Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil in RNA

5 vs DNA RNA

6 Ribonucleic Acid Types (p 288-295) There are several types. We will focus on the main 3 types: rRNA: large, makes up structure of ribosomes. - Large globular structure, forms structure with proteins to form ribosome tRNA: smaller, contains amino acid to match code of mRNA. Compact 3-D structure mRNA: single strand, provides complementary code from DNA for protein - Single strand may fold back on itself to form H-bonds

7 rRNA rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Located in ribosomes Provides the site on the ribosome where the protein is assembled

8 rRNA Structure This big “globular” structure is the structure for the ribosome all spread out. A smaller “glob” provides the second part of the ribosome structure.

9 Ribosome: rRNA

10 tRNA tRNA: Transfer ribonucleic acid In humans, more than 40 different tRNA float freely in the cytoplasm, float to ribosome for protein synthesis Each tRNA is connected to a different amino acid Function: to place the correct amino acid in a protein sequence

11 tRNA Structure Specific regions: 3’ end is AMINO ACID site Anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon (code)

12 tRNA detail Typically 75 nucleotides long, twisted into a tertiary structure (3-D) Specific in function to translation of mRNA into protein amino acid sequencing

13 tRNA detail Anticodon: three nucleotide sequence that correlates to a specific amino acid that is attached to its 3’end (amazing isn’t it!) Anticodon complements the mRNA three nucleotide sequence called the codon.

14 mRNA mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid Long single strand of RNA that has the coded complement from the DNA. Can fold back to form H-bonds with itself Brings the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, specifically to ribosomes.

15 mRNA from DNA – Transcription DNA molecule is opened at a specific gene site mRNA is assembled complementary to one DNA strand When coding is complete, it detaches and floats to the ribosome DNA re-fits itself. Key enzyme: RNA Polymerase

16 mRNA formed at TRANSCRIPTION

17 Summary: 3 Main RNA Forms

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