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3. Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, the students should be able to : Describe what management can do to create a safe work environment Identify the measure that should be taken to control and eliminate health hazards Bina Nusantara University 3

4. Nature & Role of Safety and Health Safety involves protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents Health refers to employees ’ freedom from physical or emotional illness Both safety or health problem can seriously affect a worker ’ s productivity and quality of worklife Bina Nusantara University 4

5. Enforcing OSHA Standards Workplace inspectionsWorkplace inspections Citations and penaltiesCitations and penalties On-site consultationsOn-site consultations Voluntary protection programsVoluntary protection programs Training and educationTraining and education © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

6. Hazardous Materials Regulation Right-to-Know LawsRight-to-Know Laws  Laws that require employers to advise employees about the hazardous chemicals they handle. Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)  OSHA-published hazardous chemical regulations known as the HCS prescribes a system for communicating data on health risks of handling certain materials. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)  Documents that contain vital information about hazardous substances. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

7. Creating a Culture of Safety Promoting Safety AwarenessPromoting Safety Awareness  The Key Role of the Supervisor  Communicating the need to work safely.  Proactive Safety Training Program  First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency procedures.  Information Technology and Safety Awareness and Training  Enhanced delivery modes  Customization of training needs  Regulatory instruction –OSHA’s Web-based eTools © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

8. Creating a Culture of Safety (cont’d) Typical Safety RulesTypical Safety Rules  Using proper safety devices  Using proper work procedures  Following good housekeeping practices  Complying with accident- and injury-reporting procedures  Wearing required safety clothing and equipment  Avoiding carelessness and horseplay © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

9. Smoking and Tobacco Smoke Chemical Hazards Cumulative Trauma Disorders Health Hazards and Issues AIDS Computer Workstations Ergonomics © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

10. Creating a Healthy Work Environment Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and ProcessesRecognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes  Use substitutes for hazardous materials.  Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls.  Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.  Issue clothing to protect against hazards.  Improve ventilation. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

11. Creating a Healthy Work Environment (cont’d) Problems with Video Display Terminals (VDT)Problems with Video Display Terminals (VDT)  Visual difficulties, muscular aches and pains, and job stress  Solutions:  Place the screen four to nine inches below eye level.  Keep the monitor directly in front of you.  Sit in an adjustable-height chair and use a copyholder that attaches to both the desk and the monitor.  Use shades or blinds to reduce the computer-screen glare created by window lighting.  Elbows close to body and supported.  Wrist and hands in-line with forearms. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

12. Creating a Healthy Work Environment (cont’d) Cumulative Trauma Disorders (Repetitive Motion Injuries)Cumulative Trauma Disorders (Repetitive Motion Injuries)  Injuries involving tendons of the fingers, hands, and arms that become inflamed from repeated stresses and strains resulting from jobs requiring repetitive motion of the fingers, hands, or arms.  Injuries lower employee productivity, increase employer health costs, and incur workers’ compensation payments. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

13. Workplace Violence Reducing Violence in the WorkplaceReducing Violence in the Workplace  Management commitment to and employee involvement in preventing acts of violence  Analyzing the workplace to uncover areas of potential violence  Preventing and controlling violence by designing safe workplaces and work practices  Providing violence prevention training throughout the organization  Evaluating violence program effectiveness © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

14. Violence Indicators: Know the Warning Signs Most people leave a trail of indicators before they become violent. Similarly, disgruntled former employees who commit acts of violence leave warning signs of their intent before and after termination. The following behaviors should be taken seriously when assessing situations of potential violence: Direct or veiled threatening statements Recent performance declines, including concentration problems and excessive excuses Prominent mood or behavior changes; despondence Preoccupation with guns, knives, or other weapons Deliberate destruction of workplace equipment; sabotage Fascination with stories of violence Reckless or antisocial behavior; evidence of prior assaultive behavior Aggressive behavior or intimidating statements Written messages of violent intent; exaggerated perceptions of injustice Serious stress in personal life Obsessive desire to harm a specific group or person Violence against a family member Substance abuse © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

15. Building Better Health Alternative Approaches Wellness Programs Health ServicesFocus on Nutrition © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

16. Employee Assistance Programs Depression Alcoholism Abuse of Illegal Drugs Personal Crises Abuse of Legal Drugs © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

17. What Is Stress? StressStress  Any adjustive demand caused by physical, mental, or emotional factors that requires coping behavior. EustressEustress  Positive stress that accompanies achievement and exhilaration. DistressDistress  Harmful stress characterized by a loss of feelings of security and adequacy. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

18. Job-Related Stress Sources of Job-Related StressSources of Job-Related Stress  High demand  High effort  Low control  Low reward BurnoutBurnout  Most severe stage of distress, manifesting itself in depression, frustration, and loss of productivity. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved